Current view and perspectives in viroid replication.

Current view and perspectives in viroid replication.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.coviro.2020.12.004
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发表时间:
2021-04
影响因子:
5.9
通讯作者:
Wang Y
Wang Y
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wang Y

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类病毒是感染植物的单链环状非编码RNA。非编码性质表明类病毒必须利用它们的RNA基因组来重定向宿主机器以进行感染。因此,类病毒模型提供了宝贵的机会,描绘RNA的结构-功能关系的基本原则和解剖的RNA相关的细胞机器的组成和机制。有两个类病毒科,Posiviroidae和Avsunviroidae。这两个家族的成员通过基于RNA的滚环机制进行复制,但存在一些差异。类病毒复制一般分为三个步骤:转录、切割和连接。几十年的研究已经发现了许多类病毒RNA结构,它们在复制中具有调节作用,并且对三个复制步骤具有关键作用的多种酶。这篇评论讨论了这些发现,并强调了最新的发现。未来的研究将继续阐明类病毒利用宿主机制的调控因素和机制,并在致病背景下提供新的见解宿主-类病毒相互作用。
Viroids are single-stranded circular noncoding RNAs that infect plants. The noncoding nature indicates that viroids must harness their RNA genomes to redirect host machinery for infection. Therefore, the viroid model provides invaluable opportunities for delineating fundamental principles of RNA structure-function relationships and for dissecting the composition and mechanism of RNA-related cellular machinery. There are two viroid families, Pospiviroidae and Avsunviroidae. Members of both families replicate via the RNA-based rolling-circle mechanism with some variations. Viroid replication is generally divided into three steps: transcription, cleavage, and ligation. Decades of studies have uncovered numerous viroid RNA structures with a regulatory role in replication and multiple enzymes critical for the three replication steps. This review discusses these findings and highlights the latest discoveries. Future studies will continue to elucidate regulatory factors and mechanism of host machinery exploited by viroids and provide new insights into host-viroid interactions in the context of pathogenesis.
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