Host Controls of Within-Host Disease Dynamics: Insight from an Invertebrate System
Host Controls of Within-Host Disease Dynamics: Insight from an Invertebrate System
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DOI：
10.1086/715355
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发表时间：
2021-09-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Caceres, Carla E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stewart Merrill, Tara E.;Rapti, Zoi;Caceres, Carla E.
宿主内过程(代表寄生虫在宿主内的进入、建立、生长和发展)可能在寄生虫传播中发挥关键作用，但对观察和量化仍然具有挑战性。我们开发了一个用于测量宿主防御和宿主内疾病动态的通用模型。我们的随机模型将感染过程分解为寄生虫暴露、进入和建立阶段，并提供了宿主通过屏障抵抗感染和清除内部感染的能力的相关概率。我们在牙形水蚤和寄生真菌Metschnikowia biuspidata上测试了我们的模型，发现当面临相同水平的寄生虫暴露时，水蚤的明显(传播)感染取决于内部清除的强度。将吉莱斯皮算法应用于模型估计的概率使我们能够可视化主机内的动态，在其中可以清楚地观察到主机防御的特征。我们还发现，主机内部的早期阶段最容易受到内部清除的影响，这表明主机可以进行恢复的窗口有限。我们的研究展示了如何将纵向感染数据与一个简单的模型配对，以揭示宿主内部的动态和宿主防御机制的新见解。我们的模型和方法可能是在未被充分研究的宿主-寄生虫相互作用中探索这些特性的有力工具。
Within-host processes (representing the entry, establishment, growth, and development of a parasite inside its host) may play a key role in parasite transmission but remain challenging to observe and quantify. We develop a general model for measuring host defenses and within-host disease dynamics. Our stochastic model breaks the infection process down into the stages of parasite exposure, entry, and establishment and provides associated probabilities for a host's ability to resist infections with barriers and clear internal infections. We tested our model on Daphnia dentifera and the parasitic fungus Metschnikowia bicuspidata and found that when faced with identical levels of parasite exposure, Daphnia patent (transmitting) infections depended on the strength of internal clearance. Applying a Gillespie algorithm to the model-estimated probabilities allowed us to visualize within-host dynamics, within which signatures of host defense could be clearly observed. We also found that early within-host stages were the most vulnerable to internal clearance, suggesting that hosts have a limited window during which recovery can occur. Our study demonstrates how pairing longitudinal infection data with a simple model can reveal new insight into within-host dynamics and mechanisms of host defense. Our model and methodological approach may be a powerful tool for exploring these properties in understudied host-parasite interactions.