The Multiscale Structure of Neural Network Loss Functions: The Effect on Optimization and Origin
The Multiscale Structure of Neural Network Loss Functions: The Effect on Optimization and Origin
复制标题
神经网络损失函数的多尺度结构:对优化和起源的影响
DOI:
10.48550/arxiv.2204.11326
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Lexing Ying
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chao Ma;Lei Wu;Lexing Ying
Local quadratic approximation has been extensively used to study the optimization of neural network loss functions around the minimum. Though, it usually holds in a very small neighborhood of the minimum, and cannot explain many phenomena observed during the optimization process. In this work, we study the structure of neural network loss functions and its implication on optimization in a region beyond the reach of good quadratic approximation. Numerically, we observe that neural network loss functions possesses a multiscale structure, manifested in two ways: (1) in a neighborhood of minima, the loss mixes a continuum of scales and grows subquadratically, and (2) in a larger region, the loss shows several separate scales clearly. Using the subquadratic growth, we are able to explain the Edge of Stability phenomenon [5] observed for gradient descent (GD) method. Using the separate scales, we explain the working mechanism of learning rate decay by simple examples. Finally, we study the origin of the multiscale structure and propose that the non-uniformity of training data is one of its cause. By constructing a two-layer neural network problem we show that training data with different magnitudes give rise to different scales of the loss function, producing subquadratic growth or multiple separate scales.
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2020-02
期刊:
ArXiv
影响因子:
--
作者:
Lingkai Kong;Molei Tao
通讯作者:
Lingkai Kong;Molei Tao
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2022
期刊:
The International Conference on Learning Representations
影响因子:
--
作者:
Wang, Yuqing;Chen, Minshuo;Zhao, Tuo;Tao, Molei
通讯作者:
Tao, Molei
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2022
期刊:
PMLR
影响因子:
--
作者:
Ahn, Kwangjun;Zhang, Jingzhao;Sra, Suvrit
通讯作者:
Sra, Suvrit