Microbial carbon, sulfur, iron, and nitrogen cycling linked to the potential remediation of a meromictic acidic pit lake
Microbial carbon, sulfur, iron, and nitrogen cycling linked to the potential remediation of a meromictic acidic pit lake
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DOI：
10.1038/s41396-022-01320-w
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发表时间：
2022-09-19
期刊：
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Burgos, William D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ayala-Munoz, Diana;Macalady, Jennifer L.;Burgos, William D.
Cueva de la Mora 是一个永久分层的酸性坑湖，也是极端酸性矿山排水 (AMD) 研究的模型系统。通过结合扩增子测序、宏基因组学和宏转录组学，我们对微生物对碳、硫、铁和氮循环的贡献进行了分类学解析分析。我们发现活跃的绿藻 Coccomyxa onubensis 在上层和趋化素中占主导地位。趋化素具有由 Ca 群体进行的铁 (II) 氧化活性。 Acidulodesulfobacteria、Ferrovum、Leptospirillium 和 Armatimonadetes。预测的铁 (III) 还原活性仅在变形菌门所属的深层中检测到。主要在趋化素中预测异化氮循环的活性，包括固氮和硝酸盐还原。与未培养的热原体目相关的具有预测的硫化物氧化活性的异养古菌种群在深层占主导地位。丰富的硫酸盐还原 Desulfomonile 和 Ca。酸脱硫杆菌群体在趋化素中很活跃。在深层，来自放线菌门、Chloroflexi 和 Nitrospirae 细菌门的未培养种群对硫酸盐还原和硫化物氧化都有贡献。根据这些信息，我们评估了深层硫化物矿物沉淀作为修复工具的潜力。我们认为，硫化物沉淀不受微生物遗传潜力的限制，而是受到到达深层的有机碳的数量和质量以及地下水中添加的氧气导致硫氧化的限制。添加有机碳和元素硫会刺激硫酸盐还原并限制硫化物矿物的再氧化。
Cueva de la Mora is a permanently stratified acidic pit lake and a model system for extreme acid mine drainage (AMD) studies. Using a combination of amplicon sequencing, metagenomics and metatranscriptomics we performed a taxonomically resolved analysis of microbial contributions to carbon, sulfur, iron, and nitrogen cycling. We found that active green alga Coccomyxa onubensis dominated the upper layer and chemocline. The chemocline had activity for iron(II) oxidation carried out by populations of Ca. Acidulodesulfobacterium, Ferrovum, Leptospirillium, and Armatimonadetes. Predicted activity for iron(III) reduction was only detected in the deep layer affiliated with Proteobacteria. Activity for dissimilatory nitrogen cycling including nitrogen fixation and nitrate reduction was primarily predicted in the chemocline. Heterotrophic archaeal populations with predicted activity for sulfide oxidation related to uncultured Thermoplasmatales dominated in the deep layer. Abundant sulfate-reducing Desulfomonile and Ca. Acidulodesulfobacterium populations were active in the chemocline. In the deep layer, uncultured populations from the bacterial phyla Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Nitrospirae contributed to both sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation. Based on this information we evaluated the potential for sulfide mineral precipitation in the deep layer as a tool for remediation. We argue that sulfide precipitation is not limited by microbial genetic potential but rather by the quantity and quality of organic carbon reaching the deep layer as well as by oxygen additions to the groundwater enabling sulfur oxidation. Addition of organic carbon and elemental sulfur should stimulate sulfate reduction and limit reoxidation of sulfide minerals.