Anxiety, Processing Efficiency, and Cognitive Performance New Developments from Attentional Control Theory
Anxiety, Processing Efficiency, and Cognitive Performance New Developments from Attentional Control Theory
复制标题
DOI：
10.1027/1016-9040.14.2.168
复制
发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Eysenck, Michael W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Derakshan, Nazanin;Eysenck, Michael W.
有许多人试图从理论上解释焦虑对认知表现的影响。本文重点介绍两种基于认知心理学的理论。最近的是注意力控制理论（Eysenck，Derakshan，桑托斯，& Calvo，2007），它是从早期的加工效率理论（Eysenck & Calvo，1992）发展而来的。这两种理论都假设绩效有效性（绩效质量）和处理效率（绩效有效性和处理资源使用之间的关系）之间存在根本区别，并且焦虑对处理效率的影响大于绩效有效性。这两种理论都假设焦虑会损害工作记忆系统中央执行部分的效率。此外，注意力控制理论认为焦虑会损害两种类型的注意力控制的效率：（1）消极注意力控制（涉及抑制对与任务无关的刺激的注意力）;（2）积极注意力控制（涉及在任务之间和任务内灵活切换注意力以最大化表现）。最近（包括未发表）的研究相关的理论预测注意力控制理论进行了讨论。此外，未来的理论和研究方向，在该地区的焦虑和性能。
There have been many attempts to account theoretically for the effects of anxiety on cognitive performance. This article focuses on two theories based on insights from cognitive psychology. The more recent is the attentional control theory (Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos, & Calvo, 2007), which developed from the earlier processing efficiency theory (Eysenck & Calvo, 1992). Both theories assume there is a fundamental distinction between performance effectiveness (quality of performance) and processing efficiency (the relationship between performance effectiveness and use of processing resources), and that anxiety impairs processing efficiency more than performance effectiveness. Both theories also assume that anxiety impairs the efficiency of the central executive component of the working memory system. In addition, attentional control theory assumes that anxiety impairs the efficiency of two types of attentional control: (1) negative attentional control (involved in inhibiting attention to task-irrelevant stimuli); and (2) positive attentional control (involved in flexibly switching attention between and within tasks to maximize performance). Recent (including unpublished) research relevant to theoretical predictions from attentional control theory is discussed. In addition, future directions for theory and research in the area of anxiety and performance are presented.