Effects of lactitol and tributyrin on growth performance, small intestinal morphology and enzyme activity in weaned pigs
Effects of lactitol and tributyrin on growth performance, small intestinal morphology and enzyme activity in weaned pigs
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DOI：
10.5713/ajas.2006.1470
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shen, W. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hou, Y. Q.;Liu, Y. L.;Shen, W. H.
选用160头18 ± 1日龄断奶的杂交猪（体重6.62 ± 0.36 kg），研究了乳糖醇和三丁酸甘油酯对仔猪生产性能、小肠形态和酶活性的影响。猪被分配到五个饮食组之一（4个围栏/饲料，8头猪/围栏），并饲喂阴性对照饲料或补充有10 g/kg谷氨酰胺的阴性对照饲料（作为阳性对照）或3 g/kg乳糖醇（β-D-吡喃半乳糖基-（1 -> 4）-D-山梨糖醇）或5g/kg三丁酸甘油酯（丁酸1，2，3-丙三基酯）或3g/kg乳糖醇+5g/kg三丁酸甘油酯。在为期4周的研究期间，每周测量体重和摄食量。在第7天，每种饮食处理处死4头猪，以检查小肠形态和酶活性。结果表明：（1）与阴性对照组相比，阳性对照组在第1-2周和整个试验期间均能提高增重和饲料效率（p < 0.05），降低十二指肠和回肠隐窝深度（p < 0.05），但对肠道酶活性无影响（p > 0.05）。在第3-4周和整个研究期间，乳糖醇改善了饲料效率（p < 0.05），但没有改善增重和采食量、肠道形态或酶活性（p > 0.05）。在第3-4周和整个研究期间，三丁酸甘油酯改善了体重增加并降低了饲料/增重。三丁酸甘油酯显著降低十二指肠和回肠隐窝深度，显著提高十二指肠乳糖酶和回肠麦芽糖酶活性（p < 0.05）。乳糖醇+三丁酸甘油酯在第3-4周期间和整个研究期间增加了体重增加，并且在第1-2周和第3-4周期间和整个研究期间改善了饲料效率（p < 0.05）。乳糖醇+三丁酸甘油酯组空肠绒毛高度增加，十二指肠和回肠隐窝深度减少（P < 0.05）。乳糖醇+三丁酸甘油酯还能提高空肠乳糖酶和蔗糖酶活性（p < 0.05）。(2)与阳性对照组相比，三丁酸甘油酯在3-4周期间提高了增重，降低了料重比（p < 0.05），降低了回肠隐窝深度，并提高了十二指肠乳糖酶和蔗糖酶活性（p < 0.05）。乳糖醇+三丁酸甘油酯改善了第3-4周期间的体重增加，改善了第3-4周期间和整个研究期间的饲料效率，增加了回肠绒毛高度，并增加了空肠乳糖酶、蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶活性（p < 0.05）。这些结果表明，三丁酸甘油酯改善生产性能，肠道形态和酶活性，而乳糖醇的效果非常有限。这些结果还表明，与谷氨酰胺相比，三丁酸甘油酯在改善肠道形态和酶活性方面更有效，并且随着断奶的进行，三丁酸甘油酯在改善生产性能方面表现出上级效果。这些观察结果表明，作为一种化学修复肠萎缩，谷氨酰胺和三丁酸甘油酯应分别用于第一和第二阶段的启动阶段。
One hundred and sixty crossbred pigs (6.62 +/- 0.36 kg) weaned at day 18 +/- 1 were used to investigate the effects of lactitol and tributyrin on performance, small intestinal morphology and enzyme activity. The pigs were assigned to one of five dietary groups (4 pens/diet with 8 pigs/pen) and were fed the negative control diet or the negative control diet supplemented with 10 g/kg glutamine (as a positive control), or 3 g/kg lactitol (beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 -> 4)-D-sorbitol), or 5 g/kg tributyrin (butanoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester), or 3 g/kg lactitol+5 g/kg tributyrin. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly during the 4-week study. On day 7, four pigs per dietary treatment were sacrificed to examine small intestinal morphology and enzyme activity. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the negative control diet, the positive control diet improved weight gain and feed efficiency during weeks 1-2 and over the entire study (p < 0.05), and also decreased duodenal and ileal crypt depth (p < 0.05), but did not alter intestinal enzyme activity (p > 0.05). Lactitol improved feed efficiency during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study (p < 0.05), but did not improve weight gain and feed intake, intestinal morphology or enzyme activity (p > 0.05). Tributyrin improved weight gain and reduced feed/gain during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study. Tributyrin significantly decreased crypt depth in the duodenum and ileum, and increased duodenal lactase and ileal maltase activity (p < 0.05). Lactitol+tributyrin increased weight gain during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study, and improved feed efficiency during weeks 1-2 and 3-4 and over the entire study (p < 0.05). Lactitol+tributyrin increased the jejunal villus height, and decreased the duodenal and ileal crypt depth (p < 0.05). Lactitol+tributyrin also increased jejunal lactase and sucrase activity (p < 0.05). (2) Compared with the positive control, tributyrin improved weight gain and reduced feed/gain during weeks 3-4 (p < 0.05), decreased the ileal crypt depth, and improved the duodenal lactase and sucrase activity (p < 0.05). Lactitol+ tributyrin improved weight gain during weeks 3-4, improved feed efficiency during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study, increased the ileal villus height, and increased jejunal lactase, sucrase and maltase activity (p < 0.05). These results showed that tributyrin improved performance, intestinal morphology and enzyme activity, while the effect of lactitol was very limited. These results also showed that, compared with glutamine, tributyrin was more effective in improving intestinal morphology and enzyme activity, and tributyrin exerted a superior effect in improving performance as weaning progressed. These observations suggest that, as a chemical for repairing intestinal atrophy, glutamine and tributyrin should be used in the first and second periods of the starter phase, respectively.