Assessing the impact of dairy waste lagoons on groundwater quality using a spatial analysis of vadose zone and groundwater information in a coastal phreatic aquifer.
Assessing the impact of dairy waste lagoons on groundwater quality using a spatial analysis of vadose zone and groundwater information in a coastal phreatic aquifer.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.11.008
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
S. Baram;D. Kurtzman;Z. Ronen;Aviva Peeters;O. Dahan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Baram;D. Kurtzman;Z. Ronen;Aviva Peeters;O. Dahan
乳品废弃物泻湖被认为是地下水受氯化物(Cl2，−)、不同氮素形态和病原体/微生物污染的点源。这项工作的目的是介绍一种方法，以评估这种泻湖过去和未来对区域地下水质量的影响。该方法基于对饱和和包气(不饱和)带中氯、−和总氮(TN)浓度分布的空间统计分析。该方法提供了乳湖位置与地下水中Cl、−和TN浓度空间变异性之间的关系的定量数据。这种方法被应用于以色列的Beer-Tuvia地区，在那里，当地潜水含水层上方的集约化奶牛养殖已有50多年的历史。物质平衡计算考虑了整个区域的各种地下水补给和提取源和汇。物质平衡表明，尽管该地区乳制品泻湖覆盖的表面积很小(0.8%)，但泻湖渗滤液分别贡献了增加到含水层的Cl、−和TN(主要是以NO3−-N形式存在)的总质量的6.0%和12.6%。含水层和包气带水的化学成分表明，该地区的灌溉农业活动是该地区地下水中Cl、−和TN的主要贡献者。地下水中的Cl-−和NO3-−-N浓度与奶牛场的陆上位置之间的空间相关性很低，这强化了这一假设，尽管乳品废料泻湖是地下水被Cl-−和NO3-−-N污染的点源。对整个区域包气带的物质平衡计算表明，泻湖的干燥会减少区域地下水的盐化过程(11%的总Cl-−负荷储存在泻湖之下)。预计地下水被NO3−-N污染的程度将大大减少(NO3−-N负荷的25%储存在泻湖下)。结果表明，用空间统计分析方法对包气带和地下水数据进行分析，有助于了解地下水污染源之间的关系，并对适当的修复措施进行评估。
Dairy waste lagoons are considered to be point sources of groundwater contamination by chloride (Cl−), different nitrogen-species and pathogens/microorganisms. The objective of this work is to introduce a methodology to assess the past and future impacts of such lagoons on regional groundwater quality. The method is based on a spatial statistical analysis of Cl− and total nitrogen (TN) concentration distributions in the saturated and the vadose (unsaturated) zones. The method provides quantitative data on the relation between the locations of dairy lagoons and the spatial variability in Cl− and TN concentrations in groundwater. The method was applied to the Beer-Tuvia region, Israel, where intensive dairy farming has been practiced for over 50 years above the local phreatic aquifer. Mass balance calculations accounted for the various groundwater recharge and abstraction sources and sinks in the entire region. The mass balances showed that despite the small surface area covered by the dairy lagoons in this region (0.8%), leachates from lagoons have contributed 6.0% and 12.6% of the total mass of Cl− and TN (mainly as NO 3−-N) added to the aquifer. The chemical composition of the aquifer and vadose zone water suggested that irrigated agricultural activity in the region is the main contributor of Cl− and TN to the groundwater. A low spatial correlation between the Cl− and NO 3−-N concentrations in the groundwater and the on-land location of the dairy farms strengthened this assumption, despite the dairy waste lagoon being a point source for groundwater contamination by Cl− and NO 3−-N. Mass balance calculations, for the vadose zone of the entire region, indicated that drying of the lagoons would decrease the regional groundwater salinization process (11% of the total Cl− load is stored under lagoons). A more considerable reduction in the groundwater contamination by NO 3−-N is expected (25% of the NO 3−-N load is stored under lagoons). Results demonstrate that analyzing vadose zone and groundwater data by spatial statistical analysis methods can significantly contribute to the understanding of the relations between groundwater contaminating sources, and to assessing appropriate remediation steps.