Salivary Microbiota and Metabolome Associated with Celiac Disease
Salivary Microbiota and Metabolome Associated with Celiac Disease
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.00362-14
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Gobbetti, Marco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Francavilla, Ruggiero;Ercolini, Danilo;Gobbetti, Marco
本研究旨在调查13名乳糜泻（CD）儿童在无麸质饮食（治疗乳糜泻[T-CD]）下的唾液微生物群和代谢组。健康儿童（HC）作为对照。通过使用培养依赖性和非依赖性方法的综合方法分析唾液微生物群。采用气相色谱-质谱-固相微萃取技术进行代谢物组分析。与HC相比，一些可培养细菌群的数量（例如，T-CD患儿唾液中厌氧菌总数差异有显著性（P < 0.05）。如所示的社区水平的分解代谢配置文件，最高的香农的多样性和底物丰富度被发现在HC。焦磷酸测序数据显示HC的最高丰富度估计值和多样性指数值。T-CD儿童的毛螺菌、双子菌和血链球菌水平最高。T-CD患儿嗜热链球菌水平明显降低。T-CD儿童的唾液显示出最大量的拟杆菌（例如，卟啉单胞菌属，牙髓卟啉单胞菌（Porphyromonas endodontalis）和南蔡普雷沃菌（Prevotella nanceiensis），以及最少量的放线菌。T-CD儿童的特征还在于某些放线菌属、Atopobium属和硬棒状杆菌的水平降低。在T-CD儿童中发现的最高水平的放线菌中，只有胶质罗氏菌。多元统计分析显示，有机挥发性化合物的水平显着区分T-CD儿童。一些化合物（例如，乙酸乙酯、壬醛和2-己酮）与T-CD儿童有关。相关性（错误发现率[FDR]，< 0.05）之间的细菌和一些挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的相对丰度。这项研究的结果表明，CD与口腔生态失调有关，可能影响口腔代谢组。
This study aimed to investigate the salivary microbiota and metabolome of 13 children with celiac disease (CD) under a gluten-free diet (treated celiac disease [T-CD]). The same number of healthy children (HC) was used as controls. The salivary microbiota was analyzed by an integrated approach using culture-dependent and -independent methods. Metabolome analysis was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-solid-phase microextraction. Compared to HC, the number of some cultivable bacterial groups (e.g., total anaerobes) significantly (P < 0.05) differed in the saliva samples of the T-CD children. As shown by community-level catabolic profiles, the highest Shannon's diversity and substrate richness were found in HC. Pyrosequencing data showed the highest richness estimator and diversity index values for HC. Levels of Lachnospiraceae, Gemellaceae, and Streptococcus sanguinis were highest for the T-CD children. Streptococcus thermophilus levels were markedly decreased in T-CD children. The saliva of T-CD children showed the largest amount of Bacteroidetes (e.g., Porphyromonas sp., Porphyromonas endodontalis, and Prevotella nanceiensis), together with the smallest amount of Actinobacteria. T-CD children were also characterized by decreased levels of some Actinomyces species, Atopobium species, and Corynebacterium durum. Rothia mucilaginosa was the only Actinobacteria species found at the highest level in T-CD children. As shown by multivariate statistical analyses, the levels of organic volatile compounds markedly differentiated T-CD children. Some compounds (e.g., ethyl-acetate, nonanal, and 2-hexanone) were found to be associated with T-CD children. Correlations (false discovery rate [FDR], < 0.05) were found between the relative abundances of bacteria and some volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The findings of this study indicated that CD is associated with oral dysbiosis that could affect the oral metabolome.