An fMRI investigation of the effects of culture on evaluations of stigmatized individuals.
An fMRI investigation of the effects of culture on evaluations of stigmatized individuals.
复制标题
功能磁共振成像研究文化对受侮辱个体评估的影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.030
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Krendl,AnneC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krendl,AnneC
某些群体（例如，妇女、老年人和经济上处于不利地位的人）普遍受到侮辱。然而，许多研究已经确定了对被污名化群体所表达的态度的跨文化差异。这些差异可能是由于某些群体在社会地位方面存在的跨文化差异。目前的研究使用功能磁共振成像来检查是否中国和高加索-美国参与者从事相同的认知和情感机制时，感知污名化的个人在两种文化中具有类似的低社会地位（无家可归的人），但不同的认知和/或情感过程时，评估污名化的个人，其地位不同的文化（老年人）。使用社会神经科学的方法可以提供独特的见解，这个问题，因为参与认知和情感评价的污名化的个人的神经区域已经得到很好的表征。结果显示，中国参与者和白人美国参与者从事类似的负性情感处理模式与厌恶（左前额叶）时，评估无家可归的人。此外，自我报告的负面显着态度，对无家可归的人与增加的活动，在老年痴呆症。然而，中国参与者和白人美国参与者在评估老年人时，与状态相关的神经区域（腹侧纹状体）的活动增加。此外，自我报告对老年人的态度和腹侧纹状体活动与参与者报告与各自文化传统的联系程度相关。
Certain groups (e.g., women, older adults, and the economically disadvantaged) are universally stigmatized. Numerous studies, however, have identified cross-cultural differences in the attitudes expressed toward stigmatized groups. These differences may potentially be due to existing cross-cultural dissimilarities in social status for some groups. The current study used fMRI to examine whether Chinese and Caucasian-American participants engage the same cognitive and affective mechanisms when perceiving stigmatized individuals with similarly low social status in both cultures (homeless individuals), but different cognitive and/or affective processes when evaluating stigmatized individuals whose status differs across cultures (older adults). Using a social neuroscience approach can provide unique insight into this question because the neural regions involved in cognitive and affective evaluations of stigmatized individuals have been well characterized. Results revealed that Chinese participants and Caucasian-American participants engaged similar patterns of negative affective processing associated with disgust (left anterior insula) when evaluating homeless individuals. Moreover, self-reported negative explicit attitudes toward homeless individuals were associated with increased activity in the insula. However, Chinese participants and Caucasian-American participants engaged increased activity in neural regions associated with status (ventral striatum) when they evaluated older adults. Moreover, self-reported attitudes toward older adults and ventral striatal activity were correlated with the extent to which participants reported being affiliated with their respective cultural traditions.