Landslides: Mobility of long-runout rock avalanches
Landslides: Mobility of long-runout rock avalanches
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DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511740367.006
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发表时间：
2012-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Davies;M. McSaveney
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Davies;M. McSaveney
在本章中，我们将解决大型岩石雪崩的惊人长距离的难题，自从十九世纪在瑞士首次认识到这一问题以来，它一直是许多研究的主题。在定量地描述了问题的本质之后，我们简要概述了为解释该问题而提出的许多解释；我们还描述了已知发生长跳动的各种情况。然后，我们检查所提出的解释适用于这一系列情况的能力，以便确定那些可以在发生长跳动的所有环境中起作用的解释。动态岩石破碎过程似乎是满足这一标准的唯一机制。我们更详细地概述了这一机制及其能量学，并总结了其最近在定量解释智利 25 km3 Socompa 碎片雪崩沉积物的 40 km 跳动和形态特征方面所取得的成功。
In this chapter we address the conundrum of the surprisingly long runout of large rock avalanches, which has been the subject of many investigations since it was first recognized in the nineteenth century in Switzerland. After describing the nature of the problem quantitatively, we briefly outline the many explanations that have been put forward to explain it; we also describe the wide variety of circumstances in which long runout is known to occur. We then examine the ability of the proposed explanations to apply to this range of circumstances, in order to identify those explanations that can work in all the environments in which long runout occurs. The process of dynamic rock fragmentation appears to be the only mechanism that satisfies this criterion. We outline this mechanism and its energetics in more detail, and summarize its recent success in quantitatively explaining the 40 km runout and the morphological characteristics of the 25 km3 Socompa debris avalanche deposit in Chile.