Validating the reliability of passive acoustic localisation: A novel method for encountering rare and remote Antarctic blue whales
Validating the reliability of passive acoustic localisation: A novel method for encountering rare and remote Antarctic blue whales
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验证被动声学定位的可靠性：一种邂逅稀有且偏远的南极蓝鲸的新方法
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
M. Double
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Miller;J. Barlow;S. Calderan;K. Collins;R. Leaper;P. Olson;P. Ensor;D. Peel;David M. Donnelly;Virginia Andrews‐Goff;C. Olavarría;K. Owen;M. Rekdahl;N. Schmitt;V. Wadley;Jason Gedamke;N. Gales;M. Double
曾经在南极很常见的蓝鲸Balaenoptera musculus intermedia，自世纪早期和中期的工业捕鲸时期几乎灭绝后，就变得极为稀少。虽然从1978年到2009年在南极洲进行的年度系统调查只记录了216次这种物种的视觉遭遇，但它们响亮而独特的叫声在整个南大洋经常被发现。我们描述并评估了一种新的方法来定位这些鲸鱼通过声学检测他们的发声，跟踪他们的电话的位置，并最终定位鲸鱼的视觉。在2013年1月至3月从东经140度至西经170度的南极考察航行中采用了这一方法。在南纬52°以南的所有298个记录点都检测到了最响亮的歌曲单位（26 Hz音调）。这些鲸鱼的声学方位使视觉观察者最终能够看到鲸鱼，通常距离最初的声学检测数百公里。接收到的声压水平的检测增加，随着范围减小到几个热点，其中歌曲和非歌曲呼叫都被检测到。在热点区域内，短距离声学定位在南纬60°以南的31天内产生了33次南极蓝鲸（群体大小：1至5头鲸鱼）的视觉遭遇。这些结果表明，声学跟踪提供了定位广泛分布在数百公里范围内的南极蓝鲸的能力，以及在大多数天气条件下连续数天声学跟踪单个鲸鱼的能力。因此，被动声学定位是跟踪南极蓝鲸的一种可靠而有效的方法，这种技术应该被考虑用于这些标志性动物的未来研究。
Since its near extirpation during the period of industrial whaling in the early and mid 20th century, the once common Antarctic blue whale Balaenoptera musculus intermedia re mains extremely rare. While annual systematic surveys around Antarctica from 1978 to 2009 re corded only 216 visual encounters of this species, their loud and distinctive calls were detected frequently throughout the Southern Ocean. We describe and assess a new method for locating these whales by acoustically detecting their vocalisations, tracking the location of their calls, and finally locating the whales visually. This methodology was employed during an Antarctic research voyage from 140° E to 170° W, between January and March 2013. The loudest song unit (a 26 Hz tone) was detected at all 298 recording sites south of 52° S. Acoustically derived bearings from these whales enabled visual observers to eventually sight the whales, often hundreds of kilometres from initial acoustic detections. Received sound pressure levels of detections increased with decreasing range to several hotspots where both song and non-song calls were detected. Within hotspots, short- range acoustic localisation yielded 33 visual encounters of Antarctic blue whales (group size: 1 to 5 whales) over a 31 d period south of 60° S. These results demonstrate that acoustic tracking pro- vides the capacity to locate Antarctic blue whales widely dispersed over many hundreds of kilo- metres, as well as the capacity to acoustically track individual whales for days at a time irrespec- tive of most weather conditions. Thus, passive acoustic localisation is a reliable and efficient method to track Antarctic blue whales, and this technique should be considered for future studies of these iconic animals.