Nonlinear, Nonlocal and Fractional Turbulence
Nonlinear, Nonlocal and Fractional Turbulence
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非线性、非局部和分数湍流
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-26033-0
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Hutter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Egolf;K. Hutter
混沌和湍流是密切相关的术语，描述“不规则运动”。这种不规则，与它的所有方面，是一个主要的话题，讨论了整个这本书。混沌在整个宇宙中无所不在，在地球内部和地球上，尤其是在大气和海洋中。“混沌”和“乱流”这两个词与秩序和无序紧密相关，这是生活、艺术、音乐等的主要成分。包含整个频谱（白噪声）的单一频率的音乐会令人讨厌和无聊。有序与无序的高度变化的混合，具有不同的节奏和强度，赋予我们的生活和我们人类在自然动态的许多特征中观察到的奇妙的丰富性。蜡烛上方的可视化湍流不是挥发性连贯结构最美丽的例子之一吗？此外，特别是在高激发（能量输入）下，它给人一种物体的不自然印象（在这个例子中它是一个羽流），这是对我们人类所经历的非常复杂的现实的简化解释。在我们的书中，术语“混沌”和“湍流”主要以原始的希腊方式使用，作为处于有序和无序之间的状态的现象。希腊语χ <s:1> ς表示巨大的空虚，无限的黑暗或任何存在的原始状态。在希腊术语中，它指的是非常早期的物质，在宇宙膨胀之前，它已经包含了宇宙整个奇妙发展所必需的所有成分和信息。这不仅暗示了宇宙的起源（从它的大爆炸），甚至还暗示了众神的创造。此外，有趣的是，在后来的希腊神话中，混沌也被人格化为空气之神。Chaos起源于古希腊，但在古近东的相关宗教中，这个术语也发挥了至关重要的作用。而在希腊神话中，混乱是一个非常积极的表达，在中世纪，例如，主题“Chaoskampf”（德语），意思是与混乱的战斗，象征着上帝击败龙（混乱怪物），有一点消极的含义（见图1）。然后在更古老的基督教书籍中，人们相信天地是分开的。在这个时候，分离被看作是神性创造者的宇宙演化行为。它是一位全能的上帝“无中生有”的创造。v
Chaos and turbulence are closely related terms, describing “irregular motion.” This kind of irregularity, with all its facets, is a main topic discussed throughout this book. Chaos is omnipresent in the entire universe, in and on the earth, especially also in the atmosphere and oceans. The two terms “chaos” and “turbulence” are tightly related to order and disorder, the main ingredients in life, art, music, etc. Music of a single frequency and that containing the entire frequency spectrum (white noise) would be annoying and boring. The highly varying mixture of order and disorder, with different tempi and intensities, gives our lives and us human beings the wonderful richness observed in so many features in the dynamics of nature. Isn’ta visualized turbulent fiow above a candle one of the most beautiful examples of volatizing coherent structures? Furthermore, especially at high excitation (energy input), it gives the unnatural impression of an object (in this example it is a plume), which is a simplifying interpretation of a very complex reality experienced by us human beings. In our book, the terms “chaos” and “turbulence” are mainly used in the original Greek manner as phenomena with states located somewhere between order and disorder. Greek χ άoς denotes gaping void, infinite darkness or the primordial state of any existence. In the Greek terminology, it meant the very early matter, which—before the expansion of the universe—already contained all the ingredients and information necessary for its entire wonderful development. This implied not only the originating of the cosmos (from its big bang), but even the creation of the Gods. Furthermore, it is interesting that in the Greek mythology later chaos was also personified as the God of air. Chaos originated in Ancient Greek, but also in related religions of the Ancient Near East, this term played a crucial role. Whereas in the Greek myths chaos was a very positively occupied expression, in the middle age, for example, the motif “Chaoskampf”(German), which means the battle against chaos, symbolized by God defeating a dragon (chaos monster), got a slightly negative occupied meaning (see Picture 1). Then in older religious Christian books, a separation of heaven and earth was believed. In this time, the separation was seen as a cosmogonic act of a deity creator. It was a creation “ex nihilio”(out of nothing) by a single almighty God. v