Oman corals suggest that a stronger winter shamal season caused the Akkadian Empire (Mesopotamia) collapse
Oman corals suggest that a stronger winter shamal season caused the Akkadian Empire (Mesopotamia) collapse
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DOI：
10.1130/g46604.1
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发表时间：
2019-12
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Takaaki K. Watanabe;Tsuyoshi Watanabe;A. Yamazaki;M. Pfeiffer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Takaaki K. Watanabe;Tsuyoshi Watanabe;A. Yamazaki;M. Pfeiffer
阿卡德帝国是美索不达米亚第一个统一的帝国，建立于公元前4.6 kyr（现在是公元1950年）。帝国在4.2 ± 0.2 kyr B.P.突然崩溃，这一崩溃背后的季节尺度气候动力学尚未得到解决。在这里，我们提出了每月的气候参数（温度和水文）推断从化石阿曼珊瑚，生活在4.5和2.9 kyr B.P.冬季温度来自现代阿曼珊瑚与冬季shamal（西亚沙尘暴）频率。4.1 kyr B.P.的珊瑚化石显示了一个漫长的冬季shamal季节，频繁的shamal天。这很可能导致了美索不达米亚的农业失败，并导致了阿卡德帝国的崩溃，因为该地区依赖冬季降雨。
The Akkadian Empire was the first united empire in Mesopotamia and was established at 4.6 kyr B.P. (where present is A.D. 1950). The empire abruptly collapsed in 4.2 ± 0.2 kyr B.P. Seasonal-scale climatic dynamics behind this collapse have not yet been resolved. Here, we present monthly climatic parameters (temperature and hydrology) inferred from fossil Omani corals that lived between 4.5 and 2.9 kyr B.P. Winter temperatures derived from a modern Omani coral correlate with winter shamal (western Asian dust storm) frequency. A fossil coral from 4.1 kyr B.P. shows a prolonged winter shamal season with frequent shamal days. This likely caused agricultural failures in Mesopotamia and contributed to the Akkadian Empire collapse, as this region depends on winter rainfall.