The impact of air pollution to central nervous system in children and adults.
The impact of air pollution to central nervous system in children and adults.
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发表时间：
2017-12
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通讯作者：
R. Sram;M. Velemínský;M. Velemínský;J. Stejskalová
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作者：
R. Sram;M. Velemínský;M. Velemínský;J. Stejskalová
本文的目的是回顾分析空气污染与儿童神经发育之间的关系以及对成人人口的影响的研究。来自纽约、波兰、中国和西班牙的队列研究人员已经研究了产前暴露于多环芳烃(多环芳烃、苯并[a]芘、苯并[a]P)的影响。结果表明，3~9岁儿童行为和神经发育发生改变，智商下降，注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)增加，脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)减少，左侧大脑半球白质减少。在美国、西班牙、意大利和韩国，研究了与交通相关的空气污染(TRAP)对儿童神经行为发育的影响，测量指标为PM2.5(颗粒物)、PM10、元素碳(EC)、黑烟(BC)、NO2、NOx。TRAP浓度的增加与ADHD、自闭症的增加有关，影响认知发育；PM2.5减少胎盘中BDNF的表达。PM2.5浓度增加会影响成年人的认知(情景记忆)，增加严重的抑郁障碍。NO2浓度升高与痴呆症有关，NOx浓度升高与帕金森氏病有关。污染空气中多环芳烃、PM2.5和NO2浓度的增加显著影响儿童和成人的中枢神经系统，并对人类健康构成重要的风险因素。
The aim of this paper was to review studies analyzing the associations between air pollution and neurodevelopment in children as well as the effect on adult population. Effect of prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene, B[a]P) were already studied on cohorts from New York, Poland, China, and Spain. All results indicate changes of child behavior and neurodevelopment at the age of 3-9 years, decrease of IQ, increase of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), decrease of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), reduction of left hemisphere white matter. Effect of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) to neurobehavioral development in children, measured as PM2.5 (particulate matter <2.5 µm), PM10, elemental carbon (EC), black smoke (BC), NO2, NOx, were studied in USA, Spain, Italy, and South Korea. Increased concentrations of TRAP were associated with the increase of ADHD, autism, affected cognitive development; PM2.5 decreased the expression of BDNF in placenta. Increased concentrations of PM2.5 affected adults cognition (episodic memory), increased major depressive disorders. Increased concentrations of NO2 were associated with dementia, NOx with Parkinson's disease. Increased concentrations of PAHs, PM2.5 and NO2 in polluted air significantly affect central nervous system in children and adults and represent a significant risk factor for human health.