A detailed analysis of the Gl 486 planetary system

A detailed analysis of the Gl 486 planetary system
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GL 486行星系统的详细分析

DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/202243548
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
6.5
通讯作者:
Boyajian, T.
Boyajian, T.
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Caballero, J. A.;González-Álvarez, E.;Brady, M.;Trifonov, T.;Ellis, T. G.;Dorn, C.;Cifuentes, C.;Molaverdikhani, K.;Bean, J. L.;Boyajian, T.

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Gl 486系统由一颗离我们很近、相对明亮、弱活动的M3.5 V星星和一颗温暖的凌日岩质行星组成,前者的亮度仅为8 pc,后者的亮度约为1.3 R和3.0 M。它是透射和发射光谱学以及测试地球行星内部模型的理想选择。目的是为未来的研究做准备,我们的目标是用最新的、准确的、精确的数据来彻底地探测行星系统,这些数据是用最新的、准确的数据来收集的,方法:我们收集了CHEOPS空间使命观测到的七个新凌日的光变曲线和新的径向光变曲线。这是用8.1米双子座北望远镜的MAROON-X和3.5米卡拉尔阿尔托望远镜的CARMENES获得的速度,以及以前发表的两台摄谱仪和TESS的光谱和光度数据。我们还使用CHARA阵列进行了近红外干涉观测,并使用一套较小的望远镜(AstroLAB,LCOGT,OSN,TJO)进行了新的光度监测。结果:通过干涉测量,我们测量了星星Gl 486边缘变暗的盘角大小,θLDD= 0.390 ± 0.018 mas。结合修正的GaiaEDR 3视差,我们得到了恒星半径R *= 0.339 ± 0.015R *。我们还测量了恒星自转周期Prot = 49.9 ± 5.5天,这是新的哈勃/STIS数据提供的XUV(5-920 A)通量的上限,并首次测量了各种元素丰度(Fe,Mg,Si,V,Sr,Zr,Rb)和C/O比。此外,我们对系统中额外成分(恒星或亚恒星)的存在施加了限制性约束。利用输入的恒星参数、径向速度和凌日数据,我们确定了行星Gl 486 B b的半径和质量,其相对不确定度分别为Rp = 1.343−0.062+ 0.063 R和Mp = 3.00−0.12+ 0.13 M,其相对不确定度分别为4.7%和4.2%。从行星的参数和恒星元素丰度,我们推断行星内部结构和组成,这是一个相对较小的金属核心相对于地球,一个深硅酸盐地幔,和一个薄的挥发性上层相一致的最可能的模型。在此基础上,我们展望了Gl 486 B的大气研究前景,特别是利用即将到来的詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜(WebB)的观测.
Context.The Gl 486 system consists of a very nearby, relatively bright, weakly active M3.5 V star at just 8 pc with a warm transiting rocky planet of about 1.3R⊕and 3.0M⊕. It is ideal for both transmission and emission spectroscopy and for testing interior models of telluric planets.Aims.To prepare for future studies, we aim to thoroughly characterise the planetary system with new accurate and precise data collected with state-of-the-art photometers from space and spectrometers and interferometers from the ground.Methods.We collected light curves of seven new transits observed with the CHEOPS space mission and new radial velocities obtained with MAROON-X at the 8.1 m Gemini North telescope and CARMENES at the 3.5 m Calar Alto telescope, together with previously published spectroscopic and photometric data from the two spectrographs and TESS. We also performed near-infrared interferometric observations with the CHARA Array and new photometric monitoring with a suite of smaller telescopes (AstroLAB, LCOGT, OSN, TJO). This extraordinary and rich data set was the input for our comprehensive analysis.Results.From interferometry, we measure a limb-darkened disc angular size of the star Gl 486 atθLDD= 0.390 ± 0.018 mas. Together with a correctedGaiaEDR3 parallax, we obtain a stellar radiusR*= 0.339 ± 0.015R⊕. We also measure a stellar rotation period atProt= 49.9 ± 5.5 days, an upper limit to its XUV (5-920 A) flux informed by newHubble/STIS data, and, for the first time, a variety of element abundances (Fe, Mg, Si, V, Sr, Zr, Rb) and C/O ratio. Moreover, we imposed restrictive constraints on the presence of additional components, either stellar or sub-stellar, in the system. With the input stellar parameters and the radial-velocity and transit data, we determine the radius and mass of the planet Gl 486 b atRp= 1.343−0.062+0.063R⊕andMp= 3.00−0.12+0.13M⊕, with relative uncertainties of the planet radius and mass of 4.7% and 4.2%, respectively. From the planet parameters and the stellar element abundances, we infer the most probable models of planet internal structure and composition, which are consistent with a relatively small metallic core with respect to the Earth, a deep silicate mantle, and a thin volatile upper layer. With all these ingredients, we outline prospects for Gl 486 b atmospheric studies, especially with forthcomingJames WebbSpace Telescope (Webb) observations.
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