Brain development, gender and IQ in children - A volumetric imaging study
Brain development, gender and IQ in children - A volumetric imaging study
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DOI：
10.1093/brain/119.5.1763
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发表时间：
1996-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
14.5
通讯作者：
Denckla, MB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reiss, AL;Abrams, MT;Denckla, MB
儿童时期正常的大脑发育是一个复杂而动态的过程，缺乏详细的科学信息。核磁共振技术与先进的图像分析方法相结合，为开始构建正常儿童大脑活体发育的量化地图提供了可能性。在这项研究中，我们利用从MRI获得的高分辨率脑图像的体积分析来描述85名年龄从5到17岁的正常儿童和青少年的大脑发育和形态。结果显示，男孩的大脑总体积比女孩大10%。然而，在5岁以后，男孩和女孩的大脑总体积几乎没有变化。皮质灰质的增加是男孩大脑体积增大的主要原因，因此支持了大脑大小的性别差异与皮质神经元密度的差异有关的假设。灰质、白质和脑脊液体积与年龄相关的显著变化在儿童时期就很明显，似乎反映了中枢神经系统的不断成熟和重塑。男孩和女孩都表现出相似的大脑不对称模式；皮质和皮质下灰质向右突出，脑脊液向左突出。智商与儿童的大脑总体积呈正相关，尤其是与大脑前额叶皮质灰质的体积呈正相关。皮质下灰质对LE的差异也有贡献，尽管程度比皮质灰质体积小。对发育中的人脑的定量知识将在提高临床环境中患者以及研究环境中疑似脑功能障碍儿童的脑异常解释的敏感性和特异性方面发挥越来越大的作用。
Normal brain development during childhood is a complex and dynamic process for which detailed scientific information is lacking. MRI techniques, combined with methods for advanced image analysis, offer the potential to begin to construct a quantitative map of normal paediatric brain development in vivo. In this study we utilize volumetric analysis of high resolution brain images obtained from MRI to describe cerebral development and morphology in 85 normal children and adolescents ranging in age from 5 to 17 years. The results show that total cerebral volume is 10% larger in boys compared with girls. However both boys and girls show little change in total cerebral volume after the age of 5 years. Increased cortical grey matter is the primary contributor to larger brain volume in boys, thus supporting the hypothesis that gender associated differences in brain size are related to differences in cortical neuronal density. Prominent, age-related changes in grey matter white matter and CSF volumes are evident during childhood and appear to reflect ongoing maturation and remodelling of the CNS. Both boys and girls show a similar pattern of cerebral asymmetry; a rightward prominence of cortical and subcortical grey matter and a leftward prominence of CSF is observed. IQ is positively correlated with total cerebral volume in children, in particular; with the volume of cortical grey matter in the prefrontal region of the brain. Subcortical grey matter also contributes to the variance in le, although to a lesser extent than cortical grey volume. Quantitative knowledge of the developing human brain will play an increasingly greater role in improving sensitivity and specificity in the interpretation of brain abnormalities in patients within the clinical environment, as well as in groups of children with suspected brain dysfunction in the research setting.