Trauma, exile and mental health in young refugees
Trauma, exile and mental health in young refugees
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01740.x
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Montgomery, E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Montgomery, E.
目的：回顾来自中东的年轻难民的创伤和流亡相关的心理健康的证据。方法：回顾四项实证研究：（一）对11名酷刑幸存家庭儿童的定性研究，（二）对311名3-15岁寻求庇护儿童的队列研究，iii）对14名酷刑幸存家庭成员的定性研究和iv）对131名11-23岁难民的后续研究。77%的人在抵达时感到焦虑、睡眠障碍和/或情绪低落。睡眠障碍（患病率34%）主要由家庭暴力史预测。随访时，25.9%的患者出现临床相关的心理症状。抵达前的创伤经历和流亡中的压力事件预测了内化行为，目睹暴力和流亡中频繁的学校变化预测了外化行为。学校的参与，丹麦的朋友，语言能力和母亲的教育预测长期的心理problems.Conclusion：心理问题是经常在难民儿童，但程度随着时间的推移减少流亡。抵达前的创伤经历对儿童的短期反应最为重要，而流亡生活的各个方面对儿童从早期创伤中恢复的能力也很重要。
Objective: To review evidence of trauma and exile-related mental health in young refugees from the Middle East.Method: A review of four empirical studies: i) a qualitative study of 11 children from torture surviving families, ii) a cohort study of 311 3-15-year-old asylum-seeking children, iii) a qualitative study of 14 members of torture surviving families and iv) a follow-up study of 131 11-23-year-old refugees.Results: The reactions of the children were not necessarily post-traumatic stress disorder specific. Seventy-seven per cent suffered from anxiety, sleep disturbance and/or depressed mood at arrival. Sleep disturbance (prevalence 34%) was primarily predicted by a family history of violence. At follow-up, 25.9% suffered from clinically relevant psychological symptoms. Traumatic experiences before arrival and stressful events in exile predicted internalizing behaviour, witnessing violence and frequent school changes in exile predicted externalizing behaviour. School participation, Danish friends, language proficiency and mother's education predicted less long-term psychological problems.Conclusion: Psychological problems are frequent in refugee children, but the extents are reduced over time in exile. Traumatic experience before arrival is most important for the short-term reaction of the children while aspects of life in exile are important for the children's ability to recover from early traumatization.