Oscillatory Mechanisms of Stimulus Processing and Selection in the Visual and Auditory Systems: State-of-the-Art, Speculations and Suggestions.
Oscillatory Mechanisms of Stimulus Processing and Selection in the Visual and Auditory Systems: State-of-the-Art, Speculations and Suggestions.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2017.00296
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
VanRullen R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zoefel B;VanRullen R
所有的感觉系统都需要不断地优先考虑和选择传入的刺激，以避免溢出或干扰，并为大脑的输入提供一个结构。然而，这种输入的特征在不同的感觉系统中是不同的;因此，作为一个直接的结果，每个感觉系统都可能发展出专门的策略来科普连续不断的输入信息。神经振荡与这个选择过程密切相关，因为它们可以被大脑用来有节奏地放大或衰减输入，因此代表了刺激选择的最佳工具。在本文中，我们专注于在视觉和听觉系统的刺激选择振荡过程。我们指出了这两个系统之间的共性和差异，并提出了几个假设，最近发表的研究结果的启发：（1）在其输入的节奏成分是至关重要的听觉，但不是视觉系统。因此，振荡相位和节奏输入（相位夹带）之间的对齐是听觉系统中刺激选择的组成部分，而视觉系统仅根据即将到来的事件调整其相位，而不需要任何节奏分量。(2)当输入是不可预测的，视觉系统可以保持其振荡采样，而听觉系统切换到一个不同的，潜在的内部取向，“模式”的处理，可能是由阿尔法振荡的特点。(3)视觉阿尔法可以分为更快的枕叶阿尔法（10 Hz）和更慢的额叶阿尔法（7 Hz），这主要取决于注意力。
All sensory systems need to continuously prioritize and select incoming stimuli in order to avoid overflow or interference, and provide a structure to the brain's input. However, the characteristics of this input differ across sensory systems; therefore, and as a direct consequence, each sensory system might have developed specialized strategies to cope with the continuous stream of incoming information. Neural oscillations are intimately connected with this selection process, as they can be used by the brain to rhythmically amplify or attenuate input and therefore represent an optimal tool for stimulus selection. In this paper, we focus on oscillatory processes for stimulus selection in the visual and auditory systems. We point out both commonalities and differences between the two systems and develop several hypotheses, inspired by recently published findings: (1) The rhythmic component in its input is crucial for the auditory, but not for the visual system. The alignment between oscillatory phase and rhythmic input (phase entrainment) is therefore an integral part of stimulus selection in the auditory system whereas the visual system merely adjusts its phase to upcoming events, without the need for any rhythmic component. (2) When input is unpredictable, the visual system can maintain its oscillatory sampling, whereas the auditory system switches to a different, potentially internally oriented, “mode” of processing that might be characterized by alpha oscillations. (3) Visual alpha can be divided into a faster occipital alpha (10 Hz) and a slower frontal alpha (7 Hz) that critically depends on attention.