Improving memory in old age through implicit self-stereotyping.
Improving memory in old age through implicit self-stereotyping.
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DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.71.6.1092
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发表时间：
1996-12
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
B. Levy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Levy
这项研究表明，潜意识激活的刻板印象可以改变对自己的判断，并可以改变认知表现。在第一项研究中，在参与者没有意识到的情况下激活积极的老龄化刻板印象的干预往往会改善老年人的记忆表现，记忆自我效能感和老龄化观点;相反，激活消极的老龄化刻板印象的干预往往会恶化老年人的记忆表现，记忆自我效能感和老龄化观点。第二项研究表明，要想从变化的刻板印象中产生强烈的影响，刻板印象必须对一个人的自我形象很重要：在第一项研究中，年轻人被随机分配到与老年参与者相同的条件下，并没有表现出老年参与者之间出现的任何重要互动。这项研究强调了老年人记忆力改善的潜力，当主导美国文化的负面刻板印象转变为更积极的刻板印象时。
This research demonstrates that subliminally activated stereotypes can alter judgments about oneself and can change cognitive performance. In the first study, an intervention that activated positive stereotypes of aging without the participants' awareness tended to improve memory performance, memory self-efficacy, and views of aging in old individuals; in contrast, an intervention that activated negative stereotypes of aging tended to worsen memory performance, memory self-efficacy, and views of aging in old participants. A second study demonstrated that for the strong effects to emerge from the shifting stereotypes, the stereotypes must be important to one's self-image: Young individuals randomly assigned to the same conditions as the old participants in the first study did not exhibit any of the significant interactions that emerged among the old participants. This research highlights the potential for memory improvement in old individuals when the negative stereotypes of aging that dominate the American culture are shifted to more positive stereotypes.