Egyptian blue: modern myths, ancient realities
Egyptian blue: modern myths, ancient realities
复制标题
埃及蓝：现代神话，古代现实
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
M. Sargent
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Skovmøller;C. Brøns;M. Sargent
从青铜时代到罗马帝国衰落的大多数地中海文化中，含有明亮和饱和蓝色色调的颜色在绘画效果上很受欢迎。提供所需蓝色的颜料是由蓝铜矿和青金石等珍贵矿物制成的，但明亮的蓝色色调也来自通过合并其他天然来源产生的颜料。这一大群合成的蓝色熔块被称为埃及蓝。埃及蓝是一种四硅酸钙铜化合物，是一种通过将钙化合物（例如粉状石灰石和富含碳酸钙的沙子）与铜和石英一起加热而制成的合成颜料（图1），尽管基于钴的合成蓝色颜料也是已知的，到目前为止主要在埃及（例如“阿玛纳蓝”）。埃及蓝色颜料的色调范围从饱和的几乎黑蓝色到浅蓝色、蓝绿色和紫色，每种颜色都取决于其生产和制造过程中使用的材料。其材料特性类似于水晶，类似于精细破碎的玻璃。饱和度和亮度不等（可通过二次加热增强），遮盖力相对较低。它似乎在帝国灭亡后的某个时候就不再被广泛应用，这给它增添了一定的神秘感。
Colours containing bright and saturated blue hues were popular for painterly effects in most of the Mediterranean cultures dating from the Bronze Age to the fall of the Roman Empire. Pigments providing the desired blue were produced from precious minerals such as azurite and lapis lazuli, but bright blue hues also came from pigments produced by merging other naturally occurring sources. This large group of synthetically-generated blue frits is referred to as Egyptian blue. Egyptian blue is a calcium copper tetrasilicate compound, a synthetic pigment made by heating a calcium compound (such as powdered limestone and sand rich in calcium carbonate) together with copper and quartz (fig. 1), although synthetic blue pigments based on cobalt are also known, so far mainly in Egypt (such as “Amarna-blue”). The hue of Egyptian blue pigments ranges from a saturated, almost black blue to light blue, bluish-green, and purple, each being dependent on the materials employed for its production and manufacturing process. Its material properties are crystal-like, resembling finely shattered glass. It ranges in saturation and brightness (which can be enhanced by secondary heating), and it has a relatively low covering power. It seems to have ceased being widely applied sometime after the fall of the empire, which added a certain mystery to it.