The evolution of fire and invasive alien plant management practices in fynbos
The evolution of fire and invasive alien plant management practices in fynbos
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DOI：
10.4102/sajs.v105i9/10.106
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发表时间：
2010-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
B. V. Wilgen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. V. Wilgen
回顾了20世纪以来芬波斯火灾和外来入侵植物管理政策的历史和发展。起初，人们认为火是一种破坏性的力量，但随着人们对它的重要作用有了更好的认识，1968年，管理政策从保护转变为主动燃烧。在1970年代期间，制订了大型协调的研究方案，为制订火灾管理政策奠定了坚实的知识基础。尽管有规定燃烧的政策，但野火仍然是该地区的主要特征，幸运的是，它推动了一种与保护目标大致一致的可变火灾制度。由于入侵的外来树木也适应火灾，保护适应火灾的树木的问题变得更加复杂。研究结果被用来证明这些入侵对水量的影响，从而建立了全球最大的外来植物控制计划之一。尽管控制方法有所改进，但外来树种，特别是松树，继续蔓延，几乎不受控制。生物防治为控制松树提供了一些希望，但由于对这些具有重要商业价值的树木来说风险太高，因此被排除在外。如果不能充分解决这个问题，几乎肯定会导致剩余的fynbos生态系统严重退化。
The history and development of fire and invasive alien plant management policies in fynbos during the 20th century are reviewed. Fire was initially condemned outright as a destructive force, but as its vital role became better understood, management policies switched from protection to active burning in 1968. During the 1970s, large, coordinated research programmes were established, resulting in a solid basis of knowledge on which to develop fire management policies. Despite policies of prescribed burning, wild fires remain the dominant feature of the region, fortunately driving a variable fire regime that remains broadly aligned with conservation objectives. The problem of conserving fire-adapted fynbos is complicated by invading alien trees that are also fire-adapted. Research results were used to demonstrate the impacts of these invasions on water yields, leading to the creation of one of the largest alien plant control programmes globally. Despite improvements in control methods, alien trees, notably pines, continue to spread almost unchecked. Biological control offered some hope for controlling pines, but was ruled out as too high a risk for these commercially-important trees. Failure to address this problem adequately will almost certainly result in the severe degradation of remaining fynbos ecosystems.