Scandinavia: A former Tibet?

Scandinavia: A former Tibet?
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斯堪的纳维亚半岛:前西藏?

DOI:
10.1002/ggge.20251
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
P. And Geissler
P. And Geissler
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sodoudi;Shomali;Roberts;Bianchi;Tilmann;Balling;Jacobsen;P. And Geissler

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喜马拉雅山和青藏高原是由印度大陆岩石圈持续向北的俯冲导致的岩石圈叠加而抬升的。利用地震方法对西藏上地幔的层状结构进行了成像,其中最详细的是接收函数法。西藏被认为是一个正在发展未来克拉通的地方。本文用地震S波接收函数研究了从德国到瑞典北方的上地幔,并将斯堪的纳维亚半岛下方的构造与西藏下方的构造进行了比较。在元古代斯堪的纳维亚半岛下面,我们发现了两个相互重叠的低速区,被一个高速区隔开。大约100 km深度处的上部低速区的顶部从德国延伸到瑞典北方的瑞典东部。它与德国和丹麦下方的岩石圈-软流圈边界(LAB)一致。在瑞典以下,它被称为8°不连续面,或称为中岩石圈不连续面(MLD),类似于北美的观测结果。地震层析成像将LAB定位在斯堪的纳维亚半岛200公里附近,接近我们更深的低速区的顶部。我们还观察到软流层底部(莱曼不连续面)从德国的180公里加深到瑞典以下的260公里。在斯堪的纳维亚半岛和芬兰以下约100公里的上部,古老的俯冲遗迹是已知的可控震源地震实验和当地地震研究。最近的层析成像研究表明,斯堪的纳维亚半岛南部和北方德国以下的岩石圈分层。我们认为,斯堪的纳维亚上地幔的大规模层状结构可能是由类似于西藏正在进行的岩石圈堆积的过程造成的。
The Himalaya and the Tibetan Plateau are uplifted by the ongoing northward underthrusting of the Indian continental lithosphere below Tibet resulting in lithospheric stacking. The layered structure of the Tibetan upper mantle is imaged by seismic methods, most detailed with the receiver function method. Tibet is considered as a place where the development of a future craton is currently under way. Here we study the upper mantle from Germany to northern Sweden with seismic S receiver functions and compare the structure below Scandinavia with that below Tibet. Below Proterozoic Scandinavia, we found two low‐velocity zones on top of each other, separated by a high‐velocity zone. The top of the upper low‐velocity zone at about 100 km depth extends from Germany to Archaean northern Sweden. It agrees with the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) below Germany and Denmark. Below Sweden it is known as the 8°discontinuity, or as a mid‐lithospheric discontinuity (MLD), similar to observations in North America. Seismic tomography places the LAB near 200 km in Scandinavia, which is close to the top of our deeper low‐velocity zone. We also observed the bottom of the asthenosphere (the Lehmann discontinuity) deepening from 180 km in Germany to 260 km below Sweden. Remnants of old subduction in the upper about 100 km below Scandinavia and Finland are known from controlled source seismic experiments and local earthquake studies. Recent tomographic studies indicate delamination of the lithosphere below southern Scandinavia and northern Germany. We are suggesting that the large‐scale layered structure in the Scandinavian upper mantle may be caused by processes similar to the ongoing lithospheric stacking in Tibet.
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