Radiosensitization and nanoparticles.
Radiosensitization and nanoparticles.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-16555-4_7
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Woloschak, Gayle E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Paunesku, Tatjana;Gutiontov, Stanley;Woloschak, Gayle E
纳米材料已被证明具有物理和化学特性，为癌症的诊断和治疗开辟了新的途径。人们正在以几种不同的方式探索纳米结构，以增强现有的癌症治疗方法，如放射治疗。研究人员已经探索了纳米材料辐射致敏的两种一般途径：(1)提高电离辐射的有效性；(2)调节导致细胞稳态紊乱的细胞途径，从而使细胞更容易受到辐射引起的损伤。已经探索了通过这两种方法之一起作用的各种不同的药物，其中许多药物调节直接和间接的DNA损伤（金），通过热疗（铁）的放射敏感性，以及不同的细胞途径。使用纳米材料进行放射增敏在体外已经取得了许多成功，但在体内的测试一直不太有效，主要是因为纳米颗粒难以靶向。随着肿瘤靶向治疗方法的改进，纳米材料有望成为临床上有用的放射治疗增敏剂。
Nanomaterials have been shown to have physical and chemical properties that have opened new avenues for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Nanoconstructs that enhance existing treatments for cancer, such as radiation therapy, are being explored in several different ways. Two general paths toward nanomaterial-enabled radiosensitization have been explored: (1) improving the effectiveness of ionizing radiation and (2) modulating cellular pathways leading to a disturbance of cellular homeostasis, thus rendering the cells more susceptible to radiation-induced damage. A variety of different agents that work via one of these two approaches have been explored, many of which modulate direct and indirect DNA damage (gold), radiosensitivity through hyperthermia (Fe), and different cellular pathways. There have been many in vitro successes with the use of nanomaterials for radiosensitization, but in vivo testing has been less efficacious, predominantly because of difficulty in targeting the nanoparticles. As improved methods for tumor targeting become available, it is anticipated that nanomaterials can become clinically useful radiosensitizers for radiation therapy.