Relating dung fungal spore influx rates to animal density in a temperate environment: Implications for palaeoecological studies
Relating dung fungal spore influx rates to animal density in a temperate environment: Implications for palaeoecological studies
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将温带环境中粪便真菌孢子流入率与动物密度联系起来：对古生态学研究的意义
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Shaw
中科院分区：
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作者：
Eline N. van Asperen;J. Kirby;H. Shaw
由于在开始为耕种而清除森林之前，对植被的特征和变化的驱动因素缺乏了解，欧洲曾经广阔的森林的其余部分的管理受到阻碍。花粉数据表明，一个封闭的树冠，混合落叶林，与断言，大型食草动物将保持开放的草地，再生灌木丛和森林格罗夫斯马赛克。粪生真菌孢子从沉积序列越来越多地用作过去的草食动物对植被的影响的代理，但该方法面临的方法和埋藏学问题。使用花粉陷阱的数据，从一个长期运行的实验在Chillingham野生牛公园，英国，我们调查的第一步的机制连接草食动物密度的真菌孢子在沉积物中的掺入，并评估环境变量对这种关系的影响。食草动物利用水平与粪便真菌孢子丰度相关。奇灵厄姆是人口稠密的大型食草动物，但粪便真菌孢子流入低。因此，食草动物可能存在于景观中，但未被发现。因此，粪便真菌孢子的存在不如粪便真菌孢子的存在提供的信息多。粪真菌孢子可能进入沉积物记录通过不同的途径从风传花粉，因此粪真菌丰度更好地表示为流入率比总花粉的百分比。景观开放性，植被类型和网站湿度不扭曲的影响，利用水平粪便真菌孢子代表。然而，粪便真菌孢子流入量在季节和年份之间变化显着。孢子移动，导致整个景观的孢子沉积的背景水平，有时孢子耗尽，特别是在潮湿的天气条件下。动物的行为以及畜牧业做法可导致粪便的积累，从而在景观上不直接反映放牧压力的特定地点产生真菌孢子。
The management of the remainder of Europe’s once extensive forests is hampered by a poor understanding of the character of the vegetation and drivers of change before the onset of clearance for farming. Pollen data indicate a closed-canopy, mixed-deciduous forest, contrasting with the assertion that large herbivores would have maintained a mosaic of open grassland, regenerating scrub and forested groves. Coprophilous fungal spores from sedimentary sequences are increasingly used as a proxy for past herbivore impact on vegetation, but the method faces methodological and taphonomical issues. Using pollen trap data from a long-running experiment in Chillingham Wild Cattle Park, UK, we investigate the first steps in the mechanisms connecting herbivore density to the incorporation of fungal spores in sediments and assess the effects of environmental variables on this relationship. Herbivore utilisation levels correlate with dung fungal spore abundance. Chillingham is densely populated by large herbivores, but dung fungal spore influx is low. Herbivores may thus be present on the landscape but go undetected. The absence of dung fungal spores is therefore less informative than their presence. Dung fungal spores likely enter the sediment record through a different pathway from wind-borne pollen and thus dung fungal abundance is better expressed as influx rates than as percentage of total pollen. Landscape openness, vegetation type and site wetness do not distort the impact of utilisation levels on dung fungal spore representation. However, dung fungal spore influx varies markedly between seasons and years. Spores travel, leading to a background level of spore deposition across the landscape, and at times a depletion of spores, especially under wet weather conditions. Animal behaviour, as well as husbandry practices, can lead to the accumulation of dung, and thus fungal spores, in specific locations on the landscape that do not directly reflect grazing pressure.