The Intricate Metabolism of Pancreatic Cancers
The Intricate Metabolism of Pancreatic Cancers
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-77736-8_5
复制
发表时间：
2018-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Le, Anne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camelo, Felipe;Le, Anne
目前，大约95%的胰腺癌是胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC），这是最具侵袭性的形式，也是癌症死亡的第四大原因，预后极差。预后不良主要是由于疾病诊断较晚，当患者不再适合手术切除[2]。癌细胞依赖于癌基因，癌基因允许它们无限制地增殖。因此，靶向胰腺癌中已知癌基因的表达已被证明可导致更有效的治疗[3]。本章将讨论胰腺癌代谢特征的复杂性。为了能够充分理解癌症代谢的异质性，我们需要考虑到癌症代谢与遗传学之间的密切关系。基因表达差异巨大，不仅在不同类型的癌症之间，而且在同一类型的癌症中，不同的患者之间也是如此。肿瘤代谢的异质性不仅是由致癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因的基因突变引起的，而且是由肿瘤微环境的先天多样性引起的。许多努力都集中在阐明与疾病进展和治疗反应相关的遗传改变上。然而，肿瘤代谢促进肿瘤生长、存活、移动性和侵袭性的精确机制代表了肿瘤进展的功能性解读。
Currently, approximately 95% of pancreatic cancers are pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is the most aggressive form and the fourth leading cause of cancer death with extremely poor prognosis [1]. Poor prognosis is primarily attributed to the late diagnosis of the disease when patients are no longer candidates for surgical resection [2]. Cancer cells are dependent on the oncogenes that allow them to proliferate limitlessly. Thus, targeting the expression of known oncogenes in pancreatic cancer has been shown to lead to more effective treatment [3]. This chapter will discuss the complexity of metabolic features in pancreatic cancers. To be able to fully comprehend the heterogeneous nature of cancer metabolism, we need to take into account the close relationship between cancer metabolism and genetics. Gene expression varies tremendously, not only among different types of cancers, but also within the same type of cancer among different patients. Cancer metabolism heterogeneity is often prompted and perpetuated not only by genetic mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes but also by the innate diversity of the tumor microenvironment. Much effort has been focused on elucidating the genetic alterations that correlate with disease progression and treatment response [4]. However, the precise mechanism by which tumor metabolism contributes to cancer growth, survival, mobility, and aggressiveness represents a functional readout of tumor progression.