Desiccation and thermal tolerance of eggs and the coexistence of competing mosquitoes
Desiccation and thermal tolerance of eggs and the coexistence of competing mosquitoes
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DOI：
10.1007/s004420100811
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发表时间：
2002-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Cutwa, MM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Juliano, SA;O'Meara, GF;Cutwa, MM
我们检验了一种假设，即在佛罗里达州，白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊在温度和卵的干燥耐受性方面的差异会影响入侵的白纹伊蚊是否与埃及伊蚊共存。在实验室中，白纹伊蚊30天内的卵死亡率与温度和湿度有很强的相关性，低湿度和高温产生的死亡率最高。相比之下，埃及伊蚊30天和60天的死亡率非常低，而且不受温度和湿度的影响。埃及伊蚊90天的死亡率明显受温度和湿度的影响。在田间，六个地点中有四个地点的白纹伊蚊所占花瓶比例明显低于雨季(容器保持水分数周后)。埃及伊蚊所占花瓶比例与雨季花瓶取样时间无关。这些结果表明，与埃及伊蚊相比，干燥期导致的白纹伊蚊虫卵死亡率高得不成比例。轮胎和墓地的集装箱占有率与来自长期平均气候数据的两个主成分显著相关。在干旱季节较少或没有旱季的凉爽地区，白纹伊蚊对容器的占有率最大，并随着平均温度的升高和干旱月份的增加而显著下降。相反，埃及斑潜蝇对容器的占有率在干旱季节较少或没有旱季的凉爽地点最低，并随着平均气温的升高和旱季长度的增加而显著增加，随着总降雨量和湿润月数的增加而显著减少。我们认为，这些物种在当地共存是可能的，因为温暖、干燥的气候有利于埃及伊蚊，并通过不同的白纹伊蚊虫卵死亡率来缓解来自白纹伊蚊的竞争影响。
We tested the hypothesis that differences in temperature and desiccation tolerances of eggs of the container-dwelling mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti influence whether invading A. albopictus coexist with or exclude A. aegypti in Florida. In the laboratory, egg mortality through 30 days for A. albopictus was strongly temperature and humidity dependent, with low humidity and high temperature producing greatest mortality. In contrast, mortality through 30 days and through 60 days for A. aegypti was very low and independent of temperature and humidity. Mortality through 90 days for A. aegypti showed significant effects of both temperature and humidity. In the field, the proportion of vases occupied by A. albopictus was significantly lower at four of six sites at the start of the wet season (after a dry period) versus well into the wet season (after containers had held water for weeks) The proportion of vases occupied by A. aegypti was independent of when during the wet season vases were sampled. These results imply that dry periods cause disproportionately greater mortality of A. albopictus eggs compared to A. aegypti eggs. Container occupancy at tire and cemetery sites was significantly related to two principal components derived from long-term average climate data. Occupancy of containers by A. albopictus was greatest at cool sites with little or no dry season, and decreased significantly with increasing mean temperature and increasing number of dry months. In contrast, occupancy of containers by A. aegypti was lowest at cool sites with little or no dry season, and increased significantly with increasing mean temperature and increasing dry season length, and decreased significantly with total precipitation and number of wet months. We suggest that local coexistence of these species is possible because warm, dry climates favor A. aegypti and alleviate effects of competition from A. albopictus via differential mortality of A. albopictus eggs.