Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops: motor and cognitive circuits
Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops: motor and cognitive circuits
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DOI：
10.1016/s0165-0173(99)00040-5
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发表时间：
2000-03-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Strick, PL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Middleton, FA;Strick, PL
传统观点认为基底神经节和小脑仅仅参与运动控制，近年来这一观点受到了挑战。这种重新评估的关键原因之一是有关基底神经节和小脑与大脑皮层连接的新信息。从本质上讲，近期的解剖学研究表明，这些连接被组织成离散的回路或“环路”。这些环路并非是广泛的皮层区域进入运动系统的一种途径，而是将大量不同的大脑皮层区域与基底神经节和小脑相互连接。这些回路中基底神经节或小脑部分的神经元特性类似于这些环路所服务的皮层区域内神经元的特性。例如，基底神经节和小脑与大脑皮层运动区域构成的环路内的神经元活动与运动参数高度相关，而基底神经节和小脑与前额叶皮层区域构成的环路内的神经元活动则更多地与认知功能方面相关。因此，各个环路似乎参与不同的行为功能。对基底神经节和小脑病理学的研究支持这一结论。皮层运动区域相关回路的基底神经节或小脑部分受损会导致运动症状，而皮层非运动区域相关回路的皮层下部分受损则会导致更高级的功能缺陷。在本报告中，我们回顾了一些新的解剖学、生理学和行为学发现，这些发现促使人们对基底神经节和小脑与大脑皮层构成的环路的功能进行重新评估。（C）2000年，由爱思唯尔科学出版社出版。版权所有。
The traditional view that the basal ganglia and cerebellum are simply involved in the control of movement has been challenged in recent years. One of the pivotal reasons for this reappraisal has been new information about basal ganglia and cerebellar connections with the cerebral cortex. In essence, recent anatomical studies have revealed that these connections are organized into discrete circuits or 'loops'. Rather than serving as a means for widespread cortical areas to gain access to the motor system, these loops reciprocally interconnect a large and diverse set of cerebral cortical areas with the basal ganglia and cerebellum The properties of neurons within the basal ganglia or cerebellar components of these circuits resembles the properties of neurons within the cortical areas subserved by these loops. For example, neuronal activity within basal ganglia and cerebellar loops with meter areas of the cerebral cortex is highly correlated with parameters of movement, while neuronal activity within basal ganglia and cerebellar loops with areas of the prefrontal cortex is more related to aspects of cognitive function. Thus, individual loops appear to be involved in distinct behavioral Functions. Studies of basal ganglia and cerebellar pathology support this conclusion. Damage to the basal ganglia or cerebellar component?, of circuits with motor areas of cortex leads to motor symptoms, whereas damage of the subcortical components of circuits with non-motor areas of cortex causes higher-order deficits. In this report, we review some of the new anatomical, physiological and behavioral findings that have contributed to a reappraisal of function concerning the basal ganglia and cerebellar loops with the cerebral cortex. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.