Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) in the abiotic environment: surface water and precipitation from Ontario, Canada.
Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) in the abiotic environment: surface water and precipitation from Ontario, Canada.
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DOI：
10.1021/es7021279
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发表时间：
2008-02
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
D. Ueno;C. Darling;M. Alaee;G. Pacepavicius;C. Teixeira;L. Campbell;R. Letcher;A. Bergman;G. Marsh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Ueno;C. Darling;M. Alaee;G. Pacepavicius;C. Teixeira;L. Campbell;R. Letcher;A. Bergman;G. Marsh
羟基化多溴二苯醚（OH-PBDE）已被确定为 PBDE 的代谢物，也是海洋环境中天然来源的化合物；然而，对于它们在非生物环境中的存在的研究非常有限。在本研究中，对从加拿大安大略省收集的地表水和降水（雨和雪）样品中测定了 OH-PBDE。尽管观察到的峰值中有一半与可用的 18 种真实标准品都不相符，但在所有分析的样品中均检测到了 OH-PBDE。雪中 sigmaOH-PBDE 的通量范围为 3.5 至 190 皮克/平方米/天，雨中为 15 至 170 皮克/平方米/天，安大略省南部三个地点的通量高于北部一个偏远地点的通量。水中 sigmaOH-PBDE 的浓度范围为 2.2 至 70 pg/L，颗粒有机碳 (POC) 中的浓度范围为 < 1 至 420 pg/g，并且在安大略湖污水处理厂 (STP) 排污口附近发现了更高的浓度。 OH-PBDE 的分配系数 (log K(oc)) 范围为 4.0 至 5.1。这项研究的结果表明，OH-PBDEs 在非生物环境中普遍存在，并且很可能是通过 PBDEs 与大气中的 OH 自由基反应产生的。此外，由于多溴联苯醚的氧化以及人类和动物新陈代谢的流入，它们也可能存在于 STP 附近的地表水中。
Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) have been identified as metabolites of PBDEs, and also as compounds of natural origin in the marine environment; however, there has only been very limited study of their presence in the abiotic environment. In the present study, OH-PBDEs were determined in samples of surface water and precipitation (rain and snow) collected from sites in Ontario, Canada. OH-PBDEs were detected in all the samples analyzed, although half of the observed peaks did not correspond to any of the 18 authentic standards available. Fluxes of sigmaOH-PBDEs ranged from 3.5 to 190 pg/m2 in snow and from 15 to 170 pg/m2/day in rain, and those were higher at three of the southern Ontario locations relative to a single northern remote site. Concentrations of sigmaOH-PBDEs ranged from 2.2 to 70 pg/L in water and from < 1 to 420 pg/g in particulate organic carbon (POC), and higher values were found near sewage treatment plant (STP) outfalls in Lake Ontario. Partition coefficients (log K(oc)) for OH-PBDEs ranged from 4.0 to 5.1. The results in this study suggest that OH-PBDEs are ubiquitous in the abiotic environment and most likely are produced through reaction of PBDEs with atmospheric OH radicals. As well, they may be present in surface waters near STPs due to oxidation of PBDEs and inflows from metabolism by humans and animals.