Situation Model Updating in Young and Older Adults: Global Versus Incremental Mechanisms
Situation Model Updating in Young and Older Adults: Global Versus Incremental Mechanisms
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DOI：
10.1037/a0039081
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zacks, Jeffrey M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bailey, Heather R.;Zacks, Jeffrey M.
读者对文本所描述的情景建立心理模型。叙事文本中的活动是动态的，因此当情境维度发生变化时，读者必须频繁地更新自己的情境模型。更新可以是增量式的，这样一个更改只会导致更新已更改的维度，也可以是全局性的，这样整个模型都会更新。在这里，我们问老年人和年轻人是否有区别地使用增量和全球更新。参与者阅读包含字符和空间位置变化的叙述，并对整个文本中的识别探针做出反应。当探测器跟随变化时，反应较慢，这表明情况模型在变化时更新。当任何一个维度发生变化时，对两个维度的探测的响应都会减慢;这为全局更新提供了证据。此外，老年人比年轻人显示出更强的全球更新证据。一种可能性是，老年人进行更多的全球更新，以抵消在工作记忆中操纵信息的能力下降。
Readers construct mental models of situations described by text. Activity in narrative text is dynamic, so readers must frequently update their situation models when dimensions of the situation change. Updating can be incremental, such that a change leads to updating just the dimension that changed, or global, such that the entire model is updated. Here, we asked whether older and young adults make differential use of incremental and global updating. Participants read narratives containing changes in characters and spatial location and responded to recognition probes throughout the texts. Responses were slower when probes followed a change, suggesting that situation models were updated at changes. When either dimension changed, responses to probes for both dimensions were slowed; this provides evidence for global updating. Moreover, older adults showed stronger evidence of global updating than did young adults. One possibility is that older adults perform more global updating to offset reduced ability to manipulate information in working memory.