Attention to Threat as a Predictor of Shyness in the Context of Internalizing and Externalizing Problems.
Attention to Threat as a Predictor of Shyness in the Context of Internalizing and Externalizing Problems.
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在内化和外化问题的背景下，关注威胁作为害羞的预测因素。
DOI：
10.1111/infa.12149
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kiel,ElizabethJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hummel,AlexandraC;Premo,JulieE;Kiel,ElizabethJ
儿童对假定威胁的注意持续时间被证明是整个童年期间受抑制儿童日后焦虑的一致预测因素(Fox，《儿童和青少年发展新方向》，127,2010，33；Pérez-Edga&Fox，儿童和青少年精神病学诊所，北美，14,2005,681)。然而，在现有的行为背景下，对威胁的注意还没有得到广泛的研究，而且很少在幼儿时期进行研究。虽然具有高水平内化行为的幼儿可能会将诱发恐惧的刺激视为一种威胁，但具有高水平外化行为的幼儿可能会表现出出于兴趣或寻求感觉的注意力。因此，在高内化问题或低外化行为的背景下，对威胁的关注预计会预测幼儿害羞程度的增加。我们调查了117名24个月大的幼儿，以确定对威胁的关注是否与24个月大时的内化和外化行为相互作用，以预测一年后幼儿的害羞。结果表明，当幼儿24月龄的外化行为较高时，对威胁的注意可以预测幼儿在36个月时的害羞程度较低，但幼儿的内化行为和对威胁的注意在预测幼儿以后的害羞方面没有显著的交互作用。这些结果扩大了我们对儿童早期对威胁的关注是未来害羞的可行预测因素的背景的理解。
The duration of children's attention to putative threat has been documented as a consistent predictor of later anxiety in inhibited children across childhood (Fox,New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 127, 2010, 33; Pérez‐Edgar & Fox,Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14, 2005, 681). However, attention to threat has not been broadly examined within existing behavioral contexts and has seldom been studied in very early childhood. Whereas toddlers with high levels of internalizing behavior may view fear‐inducing stimuli as a threat, toddlers with high levels of externalizing behavior may demonstrate attention out of interest or sensation seeking. Thus, attention to threat was expected to predict increased toddler shyness in the context of either high internalizing problems or low externalizing behavior. We examined 117 twenty‐four‐month‐old toddlers to determine whether attention to threat interacted with internalizing and externalizing behavior at 24 months of age to predict toddler shyness one year later. Results indicated that attention to threat predicted toddlers' lower shyness at 36 months when toddlers’ externalizing behavior at age 24 months were high, but there was no significant interaction between toddlers’ internalizing behavior and their attention to threat in predicting later shyness. These results expand our understanding of the contexts in which attention to threat in early childhood is a viable predictor of later shyness.