Warmer temperatures are linked to widespread phenological mismatch among native and non‐native forest plants
Warmer temperatures are linked to widespread phenological mismatch among native and non‐native forest plants
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2745.14021
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发表时间：
2022-11
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Tara K. Miller;J. M. Heberling;Sara E. Kuebbing;R. Primack
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tara K. Miller;J. M. Heberling;Sara E. Kuebbing;R. Primack
落叶树木，灌木和森林野花可能会以不同的速度推进它们的落叶物候，以应对气候变暖。林下和林上物候之间的不匹配可能导致早春林下光照水平的降低，这是许多春季开花的野花实现最高光合速率的关键时期。然而，这种现象超出单个地点或地区的程度在很大程度上尚不清楚。使用1870年至2019年在北美东部收集的3083份植物标本，我们评估了10种树木（6种本地树木，4种非本地树木），4种灌木（2种本地树木，2种非本地树木）和7种野花（6种本地树木，1种非本地树木）的落叶和开花时间。我们将物候数据与历史气候数据配对，以量化不同冠层、不同物种地理范围以及本地和非本地物种之间的物候对春季温度敏感性的差异。预测的本地树木和野花之间的物候不匹配在大的空间尺度上不同，在北美温暖地区的野花种群更有可能受到影响。总体而言，每摄氏度春季变暖，本地树种提前3.6天落叶，而本地野花物种的开花时间每摄氏度提前3.2天，导致物候学不匹配，因为野花在温暖的温度下经历更少的树木落叶前的天数。原生树木和野花在温暖的，南部的范围提前他们的春季物候2和1.5倍，分别比那些在寒冷的，北方的位置。非本地植物的物候敏感性在其范围内变化较小。非本地树木和灌木表现出比本地野花更大的物候敏感性。值得注意的是，物候敏感性在野花物种之间差异很大，这表明随着气候变暖的进展，某些物种更有可能受到物候不匹配的影响。合成：我们的研究结果为广泛的地理范围内的物种内部和物种之间的新的物候反应以及与非本地入侵物种的竞争和相互作用的潜在影响提供了新的见解。这项研究强调了新的数字化博物馆藏品在物候学研究中的价值，以涵盖更长的时间段，更广泛的空间区域和更大的物种多样性。
Deciduous trees, shrubs and forest wildflowers may be advancing their leaf‐out phenology at different rates in response to a warming climate. A mismatch between understory and overstory phenology may lead to a reduction of understory light levels in the early spring, which is a critical period when many spring‐blooming wildflowers achieve highest photosynthetic rates. However, the extent of this phenomenon beyond a single site or region is largely unknown. Using 3083 herbarium specimens collected between 1870 and 2019 across eastern North America, we assessed leaf‐out and flowering times of 10 tree species (6 native, 4 non‐native), 4 shrub species (2 native, 2 non‐native) and 7 wildflower species (6 native, 1 non‐native). We paired phenological data with historical climate data to quantify differences in phenological sensitivity to spring temperature across canopy strata, across species' geographical ranges and between native and non‐native species. Predicted phenological mismatches between native trees and wildflowers differed across large spatial scales, with wildflower populations in warmer regions of North America more likely to be affected. Overall, native tree species leafed out 3.6 days earlier per °C spring warming, while native wildflower species advanced their flowering times by 3.2 days per °C, resulting in phenological mismatch as wildflowers experience fewer days before tree leaf‐out at warmer temperatures. Native trees and wildflowers in the warmer, southern part of their ranges advanced their spring phenology 2 and 1.5 times faster, respectively, than those in colder, northern locations. The phenological sensitivity of non‐native plants was less variable across their ranges. Non‐native trees and shrubs exhibited greater phenological sensitivity than native wildflowers. Notably, phenological sensitivities differed substantially among wildflower species, suggesting that certain species are more likely to be affected by phenological mismatch as climate warming progresses. Synthesis: Our results provide new insight into novel phenological responses within and among species across a wide geographical range and the potential impact of competition and interactions with non‐native invasive species. This research highlights the value of newly‐available digitized museum collections in phenological research to cover longer time periods, wider spatial areas and a greater diversity of species than otherwise possible.