A review paper on monitoring environmental consequences of land cover dynamics with the help of geo-informatics technologies.
A review paper on monitoring environmental consequences of land cover dynamics with the help of geo-informatics technologies.
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DOI：
10.19184/geosi.v5i3.18284
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Prakash, Satya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abdo, Ziyad Ahmad;Prakash, Satya
土地覆被动态是一个充满挑战和活力的过程，它将自然和人类系统联系在一起，对大气、水和土壤产生不可逆转的影响，导致许多全球性的环境问题。城市化是土地覆被变化的主要形式之一，与许多环境问题密切相关，需要引起重视。本文对土地利用/土地覆被变化的水平和效应、城市化、土地覆被变化的影响因素以及地理信息系统和遥感技术在土地覆被变化监测中的应用进行了综述。在过去的300年里，全世界约有120万平方公里的森林和560万平方公里的牧场和牧场被其他用途所取代，而耕地增加了1200万平方公里。1950年，只有30%的世界人口生活在城市环境中，到2018年这一比例上升到55%。这导致全球约60%的生态系统服务被破坏或以不可持续的方式使用。人口膨胀、技术变化、土地价值高、腐败、缺乏认识、人口迁移和政治压力是土地覆盖变化的主要驱动力。地理信息技术特别是GIS和遥感技术是研究土地覆被变化的一个很好的工具，它可以以低成本、高效率和高精度的方式进行大面积的地表观测。因此，借助地理信息学监测、分析和评价土地覆被动态，对于改善管理、表征土地覆被变化过程和确定其环境后果具有决定性意义。
Land cover dynamics is a challenging and vigorous process that associates natural and human systems that have undeviating effects on atmosphere, water and soil which lead to many environmental problems worldwide. Urbanization is one of a major land cover change that is highly correlated with many environmental problems that need emphasis. This paper aimed to review and present level and effect of land use land cover changes, urbanization, factors affecting land cover change and application of geographic information system & remote sensing in monitoring land cover changes. Over the past 300 years, about 1.2 million kilometer square of forests and 5.6 million kilometer square of pasture and rangeland were replaced by other uses worldwide, while cultivated land increased by 12 million km2. In 1950, only 30 percent of the world population lived in urban settings, the fraction raised to 55% by 2018. This led to about roughly 60% of the ecosystem services are being destroyed or used in unsustainable ways worldwide. Population expansion, change of technology, high land value, corruption, lack of awareness, migration of people and political pressure are among major driving force of land cover changes. Geo-informatics technology specially GIS and Remote Sensing is found to be an excellent tool for study of land cover change that enables observation across large area of earth's surface with low cost, better efficient and high accuracy. Therefore monitoring, analyzing and evaluation of land cover dynamics with the help of geo-informatics is decisive for improved management& characterizing land cover alteration processes, and determining its environmental consequences.