[The occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum as regards meat hygiene].
[The occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum as regards meat hygiene].
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发表时间：
2000-03
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
R. Wyss;H. Sager;N. Müller;F. Inderbitzin;M. König;L. Audigé;B. Gottstein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Wyss;H. Sager;N. Müller;F. Inderbitzin;M. König;L. Audigé;B. Gottstein
弓形虫和犬新孢子虫是表型和系统发育密切相关的包囊球虫，两者都可能导致家畜动物流产。弓形虫还表现出人畜共患病的潜力，可引起人类胎儿的胎盘感染和免疫抑制个体的有害感染。人类通过食用不适当的含有包囊的肉类或摄入猫粪便中的卵囊而被感染。因此，为了评估感染风险，我们需要了解食用肉类和屠宰动物中寄生虫的流行情况。到目前为止，没有数据表明犬新孢子虫有任何人畜共患病的可能性。由于其对瑞士牛生产的巨大经济影响，我们也将这种寄生虫纳入本研究中。通过 PCR 在屠宰的牛、羊、猪和马的肌肉和大脑样本中调查了这两种寄生虫的流行情况。相比之下，通过弓形虫-P30-ELISA和新孢子虫-SA-ELISA同时对每只动物的血清样品进行血清学测试。弓形虫-PCR测定的患病率如下：成年奶牛3%，年轻公牛2%，怀孕前年轻奶牛6%，小牛1%，绵羊6%，马和猪各0%。对于犬新孢子虫，成年奶牛的 PCR 患病率为 2%，所有其他动物群体的 PCR 患病率为 0%。相反，除了育肥猪外，寄生虫种类和所有动物群体的血清阳性率都要高得多。然而，由于弓形虫主要在牛（牛和小牛）以及羊肉中检测到，因此食用这种肉对人类存在潜在的感染风险。相比之下，与牛肉和羊肉相比，育肥猪和马肉中缺乏任何寄生虫检测，因此可以认为这种感染源可以忽略不计。
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are phenotypically and phylogenetically closely related cyst-forming coccidia, both of which may cause abortion in livestock animals. T. gondii exhibits also zoonotic potential by causing diaplacental infections in the human fetus and harmful infections in immunosuppressed individuals. Humans get infected either by consuming inappropriately prepared cyst-containing meat or by ingesting oocysts originating from cat feces. Therefore, in order to assess infection risk we need to have knowledge on the prevalence of the parasite in consumable meat and thus slaughtered animals. So far, no data indicate any zoonotic potential for N. caninum. Due to its high economic impact in the bovine production in Switzerland, we included this parasite in the present study as well. The prevalence of both parasite species were investigated by PCR in muscle and brain samples of slaughtered bovines, sheep, pigs and horses. Comparatively, a serum sample from each animal was simultaneously tested serologically by a Toxoplasma-P30-ELISA and a Neospora-SA-ELISA. The prevalences determined by the T. gondii-PCR were the followings: adult cows 3%, young bulls 2%, young cows prior to gravidity 6%, calves 1%, sheep 6%, horses and pigs each 0%. For N. caninum, the PCR-prevalence was 2% for adult cows and 0% for all other animal groups. Conversely, the seroprevalences were much higher for both parasite species and all animal groups, with the exception of the fattening pigs. However, as T. gondii was principally detectable in bovine (cows and calves) as well as in sheep meat, the consumption of this meat harbours a potential infection risk for humans. In contrast, the lack of any parasite detectability in fattening pig and horse meat allows to consider this infection source as neglectable when compared to bovine and ovine meat.