Population-level changes in folate intake by age, gender, and race/ethnicity after folic acid fortification
Population-level changes in folate intake by age, gender, and race/ethnicity after folic acid fortification
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2005.067371
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Kuntz, Karen M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bentley, Tanya G. K.;Willett, Walter C.;Kuntz, Karen M.
目标。我们试图通过估计人群水平的叶酸摄入量来量化1998年美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)叶酸强化政策的影响。我们根据性别、年龄和种族/民族分析了叶酸的总摄入量(来自食物和补充剂)，使用了两次国家健康和营养检查调查的数据。我们测量了强化前和强化后的叶酸摄入量分布，调整了测量误差，并检查了达到每日叶酸总摄入量特定阈值的人口比例。强化后，平均每日食物和叶酸总摄入量增加约100微克/天。自强化措施以来，15-44岁女性每天叶酸摄入量超过400微克的比例有所增加，但尚未达到FDA规定的50%的目标，不同种族/民族的比例从23%到33%不等。在65岁及以上可能有掩盖维生素B-12缺乏风险的人群中，白人和黑人男性每天摄入超过1000微克(“可容忍的上限摄入量”)的比例至少增加了一倍，但所有群体的摄入量都保持在5%以下。自从防御工事以来，美国人口的叶酸摄入量有所增加，而且不同年龄、性别和种族/民族的叶酸摄入量有很大差异。
Objectives. We sought to quantify the impact of the 1998 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) folic acid fortification policy by estimating folate intake at the population level.Methods. We analyzed total folate intake levels (from food and supplements) according to gender, age, and race/ethnicity, using data from 2 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. We measured pre- and postfortification folate intake distributions, adjusted for measurement error, and examined proportions of the population who reached certain thresholds of daily total folate intake.Results. Mean daily food and total folate intake increased by approximately 100 mu g/day after fortification. The proportion of women aged 15-44 years who consume more than 400 mu g/day of folate has increased since fortification, but has not yet reached the FDA's 50% target and varies by race/ethnicity from 23% to 33%. Among persons aged 65 years and older who may be at risk for masking a vitamin B-12 deficiency, the percentage who consume more than 1000 mu g/day (the "tolerable upper intake level") has at least doubled among Whites and Black men, but has remained less than 5% for all groups.Conclusions. Since fortification, folic acid intake among the US population has increased, and there are substantial variations by age, gender, and race/ethnicity.