Sex-related differences in thermoregulatory responses while wearing protective clothing
Sex-related differences in thermoregulatory responses while wearing protective clothing
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DOI：
10.1007/s004210050383
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发表时间：
1998-06-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
McLellan, TM
中科院分区：
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作者：
McLellan, TM
这项研究考察了男性（M 组）和女性（F 组）对无法补偿的热应激的体温调节反应。总共 13 M [平均 (SD) 年龄 31.5 (4.7) 岁，体重 82.7 (12.5) kg，身高 1.79 (0.06) m，表面积与质量之比 2.46 (0.18) m(2).kg(-1).10(-2)，Dubois 表面积 2.01 (0.16) m(2)，体脂百分比14.6 (3.9)%, (V) 超过点 O-2peak 49.0 (4.8) ml.kg(-1).min(-1)] 和 17 F [23.2 (4.2) 年、62.4 (7.7) kg、1.65 (0.07) m、2.71 (0.14) m(2).kg(-1).10(-2)分别为1.68 (0.13) m(2)、20.2 (4.8)%、43.2 (6.6) ml.kg(-1).min(-1)]穿着核、生物和化学防护服，在高温（40℃，相对湿度30%）下进行轻度间歇运动（以3.0 km.h(-1)的速度步行15分钟，然后坐姿休息15分钟） （0.29 m(2).°C W-1 或 1.88 clo，Woodcock 蒸汽渗透系数 0.33 i(m)）。 F 组由 8 名未使用口服避孕药的人和 9 名在月经周期早期卵泡期测试口服避孕药的使用者组成。在整个训练过程中，F 的心率较高，在 105 分钟 (n = 13) 时达到 166.7 (15.9) 次心跳.分钟(-1)，而 M 为 145.1 (14.4) 次心跳.分钟(-1)。F 的出汗率和衣服蒸发率较低，平均皮肤温度 (T-sk) 较高。F 的直肠温度 (T-re) 升高明显更快，增加了 1.52 105 分钟后，温度升高了 (0.29)°C，而 M 则增加了 1.37 (0.29)°C。M [142.9 (24.5) 分钟] 的耐受时间明显长于 F [119.3 (17.3) 分钟]。热储存（S）的部分量热估计显示，尽管性别之间的S比率相似[F和M分别为42.1（6.6）和46.1（9.7）W.m（-2）]，但与M[9.45（1.26）kJ.kg（-1）]相比，F的每单位总质量表达的S显着较低[7.76（1.44）kJ.kg（-1）]。当受试者的体脂率匹配时（n = 8 F 和 8 M），耐受时间 [F 和 M 分别为 124.5 (14.7) 和 140.3 (27.4) 分钟] 和 S [F 和 M 分别为 8.67 (1.44) 和 9.39 (1.05) kJ.kg(-1)] 在性别之间没有差异。结论是，在穿着防护服并在炎热环境中锻炼时，女性与男性相比处于体温调节劣势。这一缺点可归因于脂肪组织与非脂肪组织相比较低的比热以及较高的身体脂肪百分比。
This study examined the thermoregulatory responses of men (group M) and women (group F) to uncompensable heat stress. In total, 13 M [mean (SD) age 31.5 (4.7) years, mass 82.7 (12.5) kg, height 1.79 (0.06) m, surface area to mass ratio 2.46 (0.18) m(2).kg(-1).10(-2), Dubois surface area 2.01 (0.16) m(2), %body fatness 14.6 (3.9)%, (V) over dot O-2peak 49.0 (4.8) ml.kg(-1).min(-1)] and 17 F [23.2 (4.2) years, 62.4 (7.7) kg, 1.65 (0.07) m, 2.71 (0.14) m(2).kg(-1).10(-2) 1.68 (0.13) m(2), 20.2 (4.8)%, 43.2 (6.6) ml.kg(-1).min(-1) respectively] performed light intermittent exercise (repeated intervals of 15 min of walking at 3.0 km.h(-1) followed by 15 min of seated rest) in the heat (40 degrees C, 30% relative humidity) while wearing nuclear, biological, and chemical protective clothing (0.29 m(2).degrees C W-1 or 1.88 clo, Woodcock vapour permeability coefficient 0.33 i(m)). Group F consisted of eight non-users and nine users of oral contraceptives tested during the early follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. Heart rates were higher for F throughout the session reaching 166.7 (15.9) beats.min(-1) at 105 min (n = 13) compared with 145.1 (14.4) beats.min(-1) for M. Sweat rates and evaporation rates from the clothing were lower and average skin temperature (T-sk) was higher for F. The increase in rectal temperature (T-re) was significantly faster for the F, increasing 1.52 (0.29)degrees C after 105 min compared with an increase of 1.37 (0.29)degrees C for M. Tolerance times were significantly longer for M [142.9 (24.5) min] than for F [119.3 (17.3) min]. Partitional calorimetric estimates of heat storage (S) revealed that although the rate of S was similar between genders [42.1(6.6) and 46.1(9.7) W.m(-2) for F and M, respectively], S expressed per unit of total mass was significantly lower for F [7.76(1.44)kJ.kg(-1)] compared with M [9.45(1.26) kJ.kg(-1)]. When subjects were matched for body fatness (n = 8 F and 8 M), tolerance times [124.5 (14.7) and 140.3 (27.4) min for F and M, respectively] and S [8.67 (1.44) and 9.39 (1.05) kJ.kg(-1) for F and M, respectively] were not different between the genders. It was concluded that females are at a thermoregulatory disadvantage compared with males when wearing protective clothing and exercising in a hot environment. This disadvantage can be attributed to the lower specific heat of adipose versus non-adipose tissue and a higher percentage body fatness.