The mental health status of Chinese rural-urban migrant workers
The mental health status of Chinese rural-urban migrant workers
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DOI：
10.1007/s00127-007-0221-0
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发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Hesketh, Therese
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Lu;Wang, Hong-Mei;Hesketh, Therese
中国目前约有1.2亿农民工。在其他地方，移徙与更易受心理健康问题影响有关。本研究旨在探讨浙江省杭州市外来务工人员的心理健康状况和求助行为，并与城市常住居民和农村常住居民进行比较。方法采用自填式问卷，对杭州市4453名外来务工人员、1957名城镇务工人员和1909名浙西农村居民进行问卷调查。结果流动人口平均年龄27岁，男29岁，女25岁。他们的工作时间很长（28%每天超过12小时，81%每周工作6或7天），生活条件非常基本。SF-36量表得分（52.4）低于农村居民（60.4，P < 0.0001），高于城市居民（47.2，P = 0.003）。调整混杂因素后，城市居民和移民之间的差异消失（P = 0.06）。移民心理健康状况较好的独立预测因素是未婚、与伴侣一起移民、工资较高、自我报告的健康状况良好以及与同事的关系良好。自杀意念和自杀未遂在三组人群中差异不显著，自杀意念以流动人口最多见，自杀未遂以农村人口最多见。在所有三组中，只有不到1%的人接受过任何抑郁或焦虑的专业帮助。结论该地区农民工心理健康状况并不特别脆弱。这可能是由于与向上的经济流动性和改善的机会有关的幸福感，以及移民社区相对较高的社会资本。
Objectives There are currently around 120 million rural-urban migrants in China. Elsewhere migration has been associated with increased vulnerability to mental health problems. This study was conducted to explore the mental health status and help seeking behaviours of migrant workers in Hangzhou city, Zhejiang Province, and to compare them with permanent urban and rural dwellers. Methods A self-completion questionnaire including items relating to sociodemographics, health and lifestyles and mental health, was completed by 4453 migrant workers and 1957 urban workers in Hangzhou city, and by 1909 rural residents in Western Zhejiang Province. Results The mean age of the migrants was 27 years, (male 29 years, female 25 years). They worked long hours (28% > 12 h per day, 81% 6 or 7 days per week) and their living conditions were very basic. On the SF-36 mental health scale migrants had lower scores (52.4) than rural residents (60.4, P < 0.0001) but scored higher than urban residents (47.2, P = 0.003). The difference between urbanites and migrants disappeared after adjustment for confounders (P = 0.06). Independent predictors of better mental health status among migrants were being unmarried, migrating with a partner, higher salary, good self-reported health and good relationships with co-workers. There were small significant differences in suicide ideation and attempts between the three groups with suicide ideation commonest in migrants and suicide attempts most common in the rural population. Fewer than 1% across all three groups had received any professional help for depression or anxiety. Conclusion Rural-urban migrant workers in this part of China are not especially vulnerable to poor mental health. This may result from a sense of well being associated with upward economic mobility and improved opportunities, and the relatively high social capital in migrant communities.