A strong negative trade-off between seed number and 100-seed weight stalls genetic yield gains in northern Japanese soybean cultivars in comparison with Midwestern US cultivars
A strong negative trade-off between seed number and 100-seed weight stalls genetic yield gains in northern Japanese soybean cultivars in comparison with Midwestern US cultivars
复制标题
与美国中西部品种相比，种子数量和 100 粒种子重量之间的强烈负权衡阻碍了日本北部大豆品种的遗传产量增长
DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108539
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Hasegawa Toshihiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kumagai Etsushi;Yabiku Takayuki;Hasegawa Toshihiro
美国大豆产量稳步增加，这在很大程度上是由于遗传因素。相比之下，日本的产量仍然很低，部分原因是缺乏遗传产量增益，但日本品种的产量潜力和相关性状尚未得到充分评估。本研究的目的是估计日本大豆产量和农艺性状的遗传增益，并确定日本品种在产量和农艺性状上是否低于美国品种；如果是，哪些性状需要改进？我们进行了为期4年的田间试验，比较了1953至2014年间在日本北部和美国中西部推出的品种的产量和农艺性状。日本品种产量较低。美国新品种的遗传产量增加了9.86千克/公顷·年-1，其中种子数量的贡献最大。种子数的增加降低了百粒重，但种子数的增加盖过了这一影响，导致了持续的产量增加。节数增加对种子数增加的贡献最大。日本老品种与新品种产量差异不显著。它们的产量并没有随着时间的推移而增加，因为百粒重增加了，但种子数量减少了(即存在着强烈的权衡)。日本新品种只增加了100粒种子的重量，因为这一特性对日本育种者很重要；它决定了豆腐的加工质量和尼姆(煮豆子)的审美质量。我们不能确定遗传产量的增加，但在日本品种中，百粒重和种子数量的差异对产量的贡献相似。日本育种者也专注于提高种子数量，但一直很难通过同时提高百粒重和种子数量来实现高产。需要创新来解决这些因素之间的权衡。
US soybean yields have steadily increased, largely due to genetic factors. In contrast, Japanese yields remain low, partly due to a lack of genetic yield gain, but the yield potential and associated traits in Japanese cultivars have not been fully evaluated. The objectives of the present study were to estimate genetic gains in soybean yield and agronomic traits in Japan, and to determine whether Japanese cultivars are inferior to US cultivars in yield and agronomic traits; if so, which traits should be improved? We conducted a 4-year field trial to compare yield and agronomic traits of cultivars released between 1953 and 2014 in northern Japan and the Midwestern US. Japanese cultivars had lower yield. New US cultivars showed genetic yield gain of 9.86 kg ha–1year–1, with the highest contributions from seed number. The increased seed number decreased 100-seed weight, but the increased seed number outweighed that effect, resulting in consistent yield gain. Increased node number contributed most to the increased seed number. Old and new Japanese cultivars showed no significant yield difference. Their yield did not increase over time because 100-seed weight increased but seed number decreased (i.e., there was a strong trade-off). Only 100-seed weight increased in new Japanese cultivars, as this trait is important to Japanese breeders; it determines the processing quality for tofu and the esthetic quality for nimame (boiled beans). We could not confirm a genetic yield gain, but variations in 100-seed weight and seed number contributed similarly to yield in Japanese cultivars. Japanese breeders also focused on improving seed number, but it has been difficult to achieve high yield by simultaneously improving 100-seed weight and seed number. Innovation will be needed to resolve the trade-off between these factors.