Gravitational wave background from Standard Model physics: qualitative features
Gravitational wave background from Standard Model physics: qualitative features
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标准模型物理学的引力波背景：定性特征
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Laine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Ghiglieri;M. Laine
由于从微观粒子碰撞到宏观流体动力学波动的物理过程，任何处于热平衡状态的等离子体都会发出引力波。对于最大的波长，发射率与等离子体的剪切粘度成正比。在0T>；16GeV的标准模型中，剪切粘性主要由相互作用最弱的粒子--右手轻子--主导，并且相对较大。我们估计了相应的引力波频谱的量级。即使在较小的频率下(对应于与计划中的观测站(如EL ISA)相关的亚赫兹范围)，这一背景与来自非平衡源的背景相比微乎其微，但如果生产持续很长时间，频谱的高频部分携带的总能量是不可忽略的。我们认为，这可能(微弱地)限制了辐射时期的最高温度。直接观测高频部分为未来几代GHz范围探测器设定了一个非常雄心勃勃的目标。
Because of physical processes ranging from microscopic particle collisions to macroscopic hydrodynamic fluctuations, any plasma in thermal equilibrium emits gravitational waves. For the largest wavelengths the emission rate is proportional to the shear viscosity of the plasma. In the Standard Model at 0T > 16 GeV, the shear viscosity is dominated by the most weakly interacting particles, right-handed leptons, and is relatively large. We estimate the order of magnitude of the corresponding spectrum of gravitational waves. Even though at small frequencies (corresponding to the sub-Hz range relevant for planned observatories such as eLISA) this background is tiny compared with that from non-equilibrium sources, the total energy carried by the high-frequency part of the spectrum is non-negligible if the production continues for a long time. We suggest that this may constrain (weakly) the highest temperature of the radiation epoch. Observing the high-frequency part directly sets a very ambitious goal for future generations of GHz-range detectors.