Effect of rainfall on loggerhead turtle nest temperatures, sand temperatures and hatchling sex
Effect of rainfall on loggerhead turtle nest temperatures, sand temperatures and hatchling sex
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DOI：
10.3354/esr00684
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Wyneken, Jeanette
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lolavar, Alexandra;Wyneken, Jeanette
海龟把蛋产在地下的巢穴里，在那里它们在无人看管和没有父母照顾的情况下发育。孵化温度随环境条件而变化，包括降雨、阳光/阴影和沙质类型，并影响发育率、孵化和羽化成功率以及胚胎性别。我们记录了(1)降雨和沙子温度的关系，(2)降雨、巢温度和孵化的性别比例在2010年至2013年的美国佛罗里达州博卡拉顿的红海龟筑巢海滩。降雨数据与不同深度的沙粒温度同时采集，表明小雨对表层沙粒有影响；最强降水事件的影响倾向于降低沙温，但一旦达到巢顶深度，温度波动较小。这对于理解降雨作为巢穴温度调节剂的潜在影响非常重要，因为这种变化可能非常小。巢内温度曲线与气象服务的降雨数据同步，以确定与孵化性别比的关系。在腹腔镜下对每只海龟的性别进行了验证，为巢和巢滩的性别比例提供了经验措施。样本中的大多数雏鸟都是雌性，这表明在4个季节中，大多数巢穴的温度不足以产生雄性。然而，在筑巢季节的早期和潮湿的年份，巢温度较低，孵化的雄性明显更多。
Marine turtles deposit their eggs in underground nests where they develop unattended and without parental care. Incubation temperature varies with environmental conditions, including rainfall, sun/shade and sand type, and affects developmental rates, hatch and emergence success, and embryonic sex. We documented (1) rainfall and sand temperature relationships and (2) rainfall, nest temperatures and hatchling sex ratios at a loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nesting beach in Boca Raton, Florida, USA, across the 2010 to 2013 nesting seasons. Rainfall data collected concurrently with sand temperatures at different depths showed that light rainfall affected surface sand; effects of the heaviest rainfall events tended to lower sand temperatures but the temperature fluctuations were small once upper nest depths were reached. This is important in understanding the potential impacts of rainfall as a modifier of nest temperatures, as such changes can be quite small. Nest temperature profiles were synchronized with rainfall data from weather services to identify relationships with hatchling sex ratios. The sex of each turtle was verified laparoscopically to provide empirical measures of sex ratio for the nest and nesting beach. The majority of hatchlings in the samples were female, suggesting that across the 4 seasons most nest temperatures were not sufficiently cool to produce males. However, in the early portion of the nesting season and in wet years, nest temperatures were cooler, and significantly more males hatched.