The synergistic effect of density stress during the maternal period and adulthood on immune traits of root vole (Microtus oeconomus) individuals—a field experiment
The synergistic effect of density stress during the maternal period and adulthood on immune traits of root vole (Microtus oeconomus) individuals—a field experiment
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DOI：
10.1007/s00442-015-3445-9
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发表时间：
2016-06
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Shouyang Du;Yifan Cao;Xu-Heng Nie;Yan Wu;Jianghui Bian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shouyang Du;Yifan Cao;Xu-Heng Nie;Yan Wu;Jianghui Bian
文献显示，早年或成年时的压力会影响免疫功能。由于这方面的大部分研究都来自实验室，因此有必要在野生动物身上进行重复研究。本研究旨在探讨母体和成体密度应激对根田鼠个体免疫性状的影响。我们建立了四个重复的高密度和低密度亲本群体，我们从这些群体中获得后代，并将每个群体分配到四个围栏中，用于建立亲本群体的两个密度处理每个两个。测定了两个繁殖季节F1后代粪便皮质酮代谢产物对急性束缚应激的反应、抗锁孔帽状血蓝蛋白免疫球蛋白G水平、植物血凝素(PHA)迟发性超敏反应和血液学，以及球虫感染的患病率和强度。密度诱导的母体应激子代对急性束缚应激的反应延迟。成年后密度应激的后代抗KLHIg G水平和PHA反应降低，母亲应激的后代的影响进一步恶化，导致第一个繁殖季节的球虫感染率高于第二个繁殖季节。没有发现免疫特征或球虫感染与越冬存活之间的相关性。这些结果表明，母期和成年期的联合密度应激对免疫性状表现出负的协同效应。协同效应导致更高的球虫感染；然而，这因此降低了随后感染的风险。协同作用导致的球虫感染增加在环境背景下可能具有适应价值。
The literature reveals that stress in early life or adulthood can influence immune function. As most studies on this are from the laboratory, there is a need for replicated studies in wild animals. This study aims to examine the effects of density stress during the maternal period and adulthood on immune traits of root vole (Microtus oeconomus) individuals. Four replicated high- and low-density parental populations were established, from which we obtained offspring and assigned each into four enclosures, two for each of the two density treatments used in establishing parental populations. The F1 offspring fecal corticosterone metabolite response to acute immobilization stress, anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunoglobulin G (anti-KLH IgG) level, phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-delayed hypersensitivity and hematology at the end of the first breeding season, and prevalence and intensity of coccidial infection throughout the two breeding seasons, were tested. Density-induced maternally stressed offspring had delayed responses to acute immobilization stress. Density-stressed offspring as adults had reduced anti-KLH IgG levels and PHA responses, and the effects further deteriorated in maternally stressed offspring, leading to higher coccidial infection in the first breeding season than in the second. No correlations were found between immune traits or coccidial infection and survival over winter. These findings indicated that the combined density stresses during the maternal period and adulthood exhibited negative synergistic effects on immune traits. The synergistic effects lead to higher coccidial infection; however, this consequently reduced the risk of subsequent infection. The increased coccidial infection mediated by the synergistic effects may have an adaptive value in the context of the environment.