Psychoactive plant- and mushroom-associated alkaloids from two behavior modifying cicada pathogens
Psychoactive plant- and mushroom-associated alkaloids from two behavior modifying cicada pathogens
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DOI：
10.1016/j.funeco.2019.06.002
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Kasson, Matt T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boyce, Greg R.;Gluck-Thaler, Emile;Kasson, Matt T.
昆虫病原真菌通常在释放感染性孢子之前杀死它们的宿主，但少数物种在孢子形成时使昆虫存活，这增强了传播。基于转录组学和代谢组学的昆虫病原体从其寄生宿主死后传播的研究已经解开了感染过程和宿主反应。然而，在活的昆虫中的虫霉纲真菌的活跃孢子传播的潜在机制仍然是难以捉摸的。在这里，我们报告了通过代谢组学在四个感染巨藻属蝉的周期性蝉种群中发现的植物相关安非他明（卡西酮），以及在感染巨藻属蝉的一年生蝉中发现的蘑菇相关色胺（裸盖菇素）。扁平或巨藻光滑孢子，这可能代表一个单一的真菌物种。缺乏一些真菌酶所必需的卡西酮和裸盖菇素的生物合成，沿着无法检测中间代谢产物或基因直系同源物是一致的，可能是新的生物合成途径在Massospora。这些化合物的神经原活性表明，修饰寄生行为以最大化传播的厚孢菌的扩展表型是化学诱导的。(C)2019作者爱思唯尔有限公司出版
Entomopathogenic fungi routinely kill their hosts before releasing infectious spores, but a few species keep insects alive while sporulating, which enhances dispersal. Transcriptomics- and metabolomics-based studies of entomopathogens with post-mortem dissemination from their parasitized hosts have unraveled infection processes and host responses. However, the mechanisms underlying active spore transmission by Entomophthoralean fungi in living insects remain elusive. Here we report the discovery, through metabolomics, of the plant-associated amphetamine, cathinone, in four Massospora cicadinainfected periodical cicada populations, and the mushroom-associated tryptamine, psilocybin, in annual cicadas infected with Massospora platypediae or Massospora levispora, which likely represent a single fungal species. The absence of some fungal enzymes necessary for cathinone and psilocybin biosynthesis along with the inability to detect intermediate metabolites or gene orthologs are consistent with possibly novel biosynthesis pathways in Massospora. The neurogenic activities of these compounds suggest the extended phenotype of Massospora that modifies cicada behavior to maximize dissemination is chemically-induced. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.