The Proximate Causes of Extinction
The Proximate Causes of Extinction
复制标题
灭绝的近因
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-70831-2_14
复制
发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
D. Simberloff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Simberloff
当代绝大多数灭绝可以被视为人为的，因为人类活动大大减少了人口规模，如果没有人类活动，现在就不可能发生灭绝。然而，人们仍然想知道为什么少量的种群即使在受到保护而免受进一步的人类干扰的情况下，似乎也异常容易灭绝。关于这种衰退物种最后喘息的经验数据几乎不存在，但有证据表明四种力量共同使小种群面临更大的风险：人口随机性、遗传退化、社会功能障碍和外在力量。目前还没有模型可以准确地分配这些力量之间的灭绝威胁，甚至用于指示哪些物种面临特别危险的可用指南也非常不精确。
The vast majority of contemporary extinctions can be viewed as anthropogenous in the sense that human activity greatly reduced population sizes and extinction would not likely have occurred now without the human activity. However, one would still wish to know why small populations, even when protected from further human interference, appear to be unusually prone to extinction. Empirical data on the last gasp of such declining species are almost nonexistent but there is evidence that four forces conspire to put small populations at increased risk: demographic stochasticity, genetic deterioration, social dysfunction, and extrinsic forces. There are presently no models that accurately apportion the threat of extinction among these forces and even the available guidelines for indicating which species are especially at risk are very imprecise.