State but not District Nutrition Policies Are Associated with Less Junk Food in Vending Machines and School Stores in US Public Schools
State but not District Nutrition Policies Are Associated with Less Junk Food in Vending Machines and School Stores in US Public Schools
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jada.2010.04.008
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Story, Mary
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kubik, Martha Y.;Wall, Melanie;Story, Mary
背景针对学校食品环境的政策已经被推进，作为增加学校健康食品供应和学生健康食品选择的一种方式。尽管州和地区一级的政策举措都侧重于学校营养标准，但这些政策是否能转化为学校一级的健康食品做法，学生行为将受到影响的地方。目的检查州和地区-针对学校自动售货机和学校商店中垃圾食品的水平营养政策与学校自动售货机和学校商店中垃圾食品的减少有关。店垃圾食品被定义为食品和饮料的营养密度低，主要通过脂肪和添加suggestion.Design提供热量的横断面研究设计被用来评估自我报告的数据收集的计算机辅助电话采访或自管理的邮件问卷调查，从国家，地区和学校一级的受访者参加学校卫生政策和计划研究2006年。自1994年以来，由疾病控制和预防中心每6年进行一次的学校健康政策和计划研究被认为是美国最大、最全面的学校健康政策和计划评估。统计分析采用Logistic回归分析方法，对数据进行了学校特征、抽样权重和聚类分析。政策进行了评估的强度（要求，建议，既不要求，也不建议禁止垃圾食品），以及是否有类似的学校自动售货机和学校stores.Results学校自动售货机和学校商店的强度更普遍，在高中（93%）比中学（84%）和小学（30%）学校。对于国家政策，要求禁止在学校自动售货机和学校商店出售垃圾食品的小学比既不要求也不建议禁止垃圾食品的小学提供的垃圾食品少（13%比37%; P=0.006）。要求在自动售货机和学校商店禁止垃圾食品的中学提供的垃圾食品比建议禁止垃圾食品的中学少（71%比87%; P=0.07）。类似的协会是不明显的区级polices或高中schools.Conclusions政策可能是一个有效的工具，以减少垃圾食品在学校，特别是在小学和中学。J Anz Diet Assoc.2010;110：1043-1048.
Background Policy that targets the school food environment has been advanced as one way to increase the availability of healthy food at schools and healthy food choice by students. Although both state- and district-level policy initiatives have focused on school nutrition standards, it remains to be seen whether these policies translate into healthy food practices at the school level, where student behavior will be impacted.Objective To examine whether state- and district-level nutrition policies addressing junk food in school vending machines and school stores were associated with less junk food in school vending machines and school stores. Junk food was defined as foods and beverages with low nutrient density that provide calories primarily through fats and added sugars.Design A cross-sectional study design was used to assess self-report data collected by computer-assisted telephone interviews or self-administered mail questionnaires from state-, district-, and school-level respondents participating in the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2006. The School Health Policies and Programs Study, administered every 6 years since 1994 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is considered the largest, most comprehensive assessment of school health policies and programs in the United States.Subjects/setting A nationally representative sample (n=563) of public elementary, middle, and high schools was studied.Statistical analysis Logistic regression adjusted for school characteristics, sampling weights, and clustering was used to analyze data. Policies were assessed for strength (required, recommended, neither required nor recommended prohibiting junk food) and whether strength was similar for school vending machines and school stores.Results School vending machines and school stores were more prevalent in high schools (93%) than middle (84%) and elementary (30%) schools. For state policies, elementary schools that required prohibiting junk food in school vending machines and school stores offered less junk food than elementary schools that neither required nor recommended prohibiting junk food (13% vs 37%; P=0.006). Middle schools that required prohibiting junk food in vending machines and school stores offered less junk food than middle schools that recommended prohibiting junk food (71% vs 87%; P=0.07). Similar associations were not evident for district-level polices or high schools.Conclusions Policy may be an effective tool to decrease junk food in schools, particularly in elementary and middle schools. J Anz Diet Assoc. 2010;110:1043-1048.