The APOBEC3 family of retroelement restriction factors.

The APOBEC3 family of retroelement restriction factors.
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DOI:
10.1007/978-3-642-37765-5_1
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Harris, Reuben S.
Harris, Reuben S.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Refsland, Eric W.;Harris, Reuben S.

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调控甚至靶向诱变的能力是极其宝贵的细胞资产。酶催化DNA胞嘧啶脱氨是脊椎动物用来促进抗体多样性和防御外来核酸的分子策略。十年前,一个细胞酶家族首次被描述,其中几种被证明能够使DNA脱氨基并抑制HIV-1复制。随后对载脂蛋白B mRNA编辑酶催化多肽样3(APOBEC 3)限制因子的研究揭示了一种广谱的先天防御网络,该网络抑制许多内源性和外源性基于DNA的寄生虫的复制。尽管许多病毒具有同样复杂的反防御机制,但APOBEC 3酶提供了利用先天免疫抵御病毒感染的诱人可能性。在这里,我们专注于限制酶的APOBEC 3家族的retroelement限制的机制,我们认为治疗的好处,以及可能的病理后果,武装细胞与活性DNA脱氨酶。
The ability to regulate and even target mutagenesis is an extremely valuable cellular asset. Enzyme-catalyzed DNA cytosine deamination is a molecular strategy employed by vertebrates to promote antibody diversity and defend against foreign nucleic acids. Ten years ago, a family of cellular enzymes was first described with several proving capable of deaminating DNA and inhibiting HIV-1 replication. Ensuing studies on the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) restriction factors have uncovered a broad-spectrum innate defense network that suppresses the replication of numerous endogenous and exogenous DNA-based parasites. Although many viruses possess equally elaborate counter-defense mechanisms, the APOBEC3 enzymes offer a tantalizing possibility of leveraging innate immunity to fend off viral infection. Here we focus on mechanisms of retroelement restriction by the APOBEC3 family of restriction enzymes and we consider the therapeutic benefits, as well as the possible pathological consequences, of arming cells with active DNA deaminases.
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