Where have all the flowers gone? Honey bee declines and exclusions from floral resources
Where have all the flowers gone? Honey bee declines and exclusions from floral resources
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.10.007
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Durant, Jennie L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Durant, Jennie L.
本文探讨了造成养蜂人失去获取花卉资源的社会驱动因素，以及这如何导致蜜蜂和养蜂人的脆弱性。美国的大多数大型养蜂人都是迁徙的，他们依赖获得私人土地来生产蜂蜜和健康的蜜蜂-对于为美国农业增加超过170亿美元的生产者来说，这是一个令人惊讶的微不足道的安排。这种动态往往使养蜂人与土地所有者和国家实体处于不对称的权力关系，往往倾向于偏袒财产所有者和农民，而不是外来养蜂人。因此，土地使用政策往往不利于养蜂人或蜜蜂。通过中西部的三个经验案例，我展示了不同的过程和机制，它们在将养蜂人排除在花卉资源之外起到了作用。随着养蜂人失去了生产蜂蜜的饲料，并面临着更大的早产儿，他们越来越多地转向商业授粉和人造花粉输入--这两者都可能对蜜蜂的健康产生负面影响。
This article considers the social drivers that shape beekeepers' lost access to floral resources, and how this contributes to honey bee and beekeeper vulnerability. Most large-scale beekeepers in the United States are migratory and depend on access to private land to produce honey and healthy bees-a surprisingly tenuous arrangement for producers who add over $17 billion to U.S. agriculture. This dynamic often places beekeepers in asymmetrical power relationships with both landowners and state entities that tend to favor property owners and farmers over migrant beekeepers. Consequently, land use policies often do not favor beekeepers or honey bees. Through three empirical cases in the Midwest, I show the varied processes and mechanisms that play a role in excluding beekeepers from floral resources. As beekeepers lose access to forage for honey production and face greater precarity, they increasingly turn to commercial pollination and manufactured pollen inputs-both of which can have negative impacts on honey bee health.