Experts in emergencies: A framework for understanding scientific advice in crisis contexts
Experts in emergencies: A framework for understanding scientific advice in crisis contexts
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102064
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发表时间：
2021-02-23
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Donovan, Amy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Donovan, Amy
本文利用最近的几个案例来分析在时间紧迫的情况下被要求提供科学建议的专家所面临的特殊挑战。它使用公民认识论（Jasanoff, 2005）的概念来考虑在时间紧迫的情况下对知识主张的检验。报告认为，管理这些高风险危机需要一种融合多种观点的跨学科方法。这提出了一个重大挑战：时间紧迫的危机不允许确定关键专家和利益相关者？这是为非时间紧迫问题召集专家咨询小组的典型情况。这些问题在2020年的2019冠状病毒病大流行中再次出现，但这不是第一次出现，灵活的跨案例、跨学科学习为增强应对未来紧急情况的韧性提供了一种手段。从涉及高风险和快速反应的其他情况中，我们可以从这次危机中学到一些重要的教训。本文利用其案例研究构建了一个框架，用于分析专家在紧急情况中的作用，并建议在仙台框架的背景下，了解这些情况中固有的权力动态至关重要。
This paper draws on several recent cases to analyse the particular challenges for experts who are called to provide scientific advice under time-critical circumstances. It uses the notion of civic epistemologies (Jasanoff, 2005) [1] to consider the testing of knowledge claims in time-pressured situations. It argues that an interdisciplinary approach that incorporates diverse perspectives is needed to manage these high-stakes crises. This poses a major challenge: time-critical crises do not allow for the identification of key experts and of stakeholders ? as is typically the case for the assembling of expert advisory groups for non-time-critical issues. These issues have again arisen in the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, but not for the first time, and flexible cross-case, crossdiscipline learning provides a means of enhancing resilience for future emergencies. There are some critical lessons to be learned in this crisis from other situations involving high stakes and rapid response. This paper uses its case studies to build a framework for analysing the roles of experts in emergencies, and suggests that understanding the power dynamics inherent in these situations is critically important in the context of the Sendai Framework.