Other People as Means to a Safe End: Vicarious Extinction Blocks the Return of Learned Fear
Other People as Means to a Safe End: Vicarious Extinction Blocks the Return of Learned Fear
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797613489890
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Olsson, Andreas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Golkar, Armita;Selbing, Ida;Olsson, Andreas
有关环境中危险和安全的信息通常是通过社会形式的学习（例如观察）从其他个体传递的。过去的研究主要集中在观察性或替代性恐惧的获得上，但对于社会信息如何促进安全学习却知之甚少。为了解决这个问题，我们研究了替代消退学习对条件性恐惧恢复的影响。与标准灭绝程序相比，替代灭绝促进了更好的灭绝，并有效阻止了先前习得的恐惧的回归。我们确认，这些影响不能归因于学习模型本身的存在，而是由模型的安全体验特别驱动。我们的结果证实，替代情绪学习和直接情绪学习具有共同的重要特征，但社会安全信息可以促进习得性恐惧的高级下调。这些发现对情绪学习、社会情感过程和临床实践都有影响。
Information about what is dangerous and safe in the environment is often transferred from other individuals through social forms of learning, such as observation. Past research has focused on the observational, or vicarious, acquisition of fears, but little is known about how social information can promote safety learning. To address this issue, we studied the effects of vicarious-extinction learning on the recovery of conditioned fear. Compared with a standard extinction procedure, vicarious extinction promoted better extinction and effectively blocked the return of previously learned fear. We confirmed that these effects could not be attributed to the presence of a learning model per se but were specifically driven by the model's experience of safety. Our results confirm that vicarious and direct emotional learning share important characteristics but that social-safety information promotes superior down-regulation of learned fear. These findings have implications for emotional learning, social-affective processes, and clinical practice.