Space weathering of iron sulfides in the lunar surface environment

Space weathering of iron sulfides in the lunar surface environment
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月球表面环境中硫化铁的空间风化

DOI:
10.1016/j.gca.2021.02.013
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Hidaka Hiroshi
Hidaka Hiroshi
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Matsumoto Toru;Noguchi Takaaki;Tobimatsu Yu;Harries Dennis;Langenhorst Falko;Miyake Akira;Hidaka Hiroshi

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由于空间风化作用,月球表面的铁硫化物的变化还知之甚少。利用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究了月球成熟土壤颗粒中铁硫化物的空间风化特征。扫描电子显微镜观察表明,硫化铁表面有泡状结构和铁晶须。用透射电子显微镜观察到的铁硫化物为硫铁矿和纳米磁黄铁矿。铁硫化物的空间风化边缘具有晶体取向错误和电子衍射图中硫铁矿的超结构反射消失的特点。这些结晶学修饰很可能是由太阳风照射产生的。边缘包含沿着硫化物的c平面排列的开放的小泡,以及许多微小的小泡。边缘表面的Fe/S比值高于未蚀变区域,表明表面有选择性的硫损失。铁须从太空风化的边缘伸出,由多晶金属铁组成。硫化物轮缘和铁须都涂上了富含氧和硅的气相沉积材料。太阳风的照射、碰撞过程中的加热、太阳紫外线辐射和热循环的综合作用可能会导致气泡结构、硫化物选择性硫逃逸和铁须的形成。边缘结构支持了成熟月球土壤中重硫同位素的富集化是由于铁硫化物的空间风化所致的观点。月球铁硫化物上的空间风化边缘与小行星Itokawa的风化层样品中观察到的相似。因此,在太阳系中没有空气的天体中,硫化物表面的变化可能是常见的。
Alteration of iron sulfides on the lunar surface by space weathering is poorly understood. We examined space weathering features of iron sulfides in lunar mature soil grains using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SEM observations reveal that iron sulfides have vesicular textures and iron whiskers on their surfaces. Iron sulfides observed using TEM are troilite and NC-pyrrhotite. The space-weathered rim on the iron sulfides is characterized by crystallographic misorientations and the disappearance of superstructure reflections of troilite in electron diffraction patterns. These crystallographic modifications are probably produced by solar wind irradiation. The rim contains opened vesicles that are aligned along thec-plane of the sulfides, as well as numerous tiny vesicles. The Fe/S ratio at the surface of the rim is higher than in non-altered regions, indicating selective sulfur loss from the surface. Iron whiskers protrude from the space weathered rim and consist of polycrystalline metallic iron. The sulfide rims and the iron whiskers are both coated with vapor-deposited materials rich in O and Si. The combined processes driven by the solar wind irradiation, heating during impact events, solar UV radiation, and the thermal cycling may cause vesicular textures, selective sulfur escape from the iron sulfides, and the formation of the iron whiskers. The rim textures support the notion that the enrichment of heavy sulfur isotopes in mature lunar soils is caused by space weathering of iron sulfides. The space weathered rims on lunar iron sulfides are similar to those observed in regolith samples from asteroid Itokawa. Therefore, alterations of sulfide surface might be common among airless bodies in the solar system.
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