A complete method for assessing the effectiveness of eyewitness identification procedures: Expected information gain.
A complete method for assessing the effectiveness of eyewitness identification procedures: Expected information gain.
复制标题
评估目击者识别程序有效性的完整方法：预期信息增益。
DOI：
10.31234/osf.io/az9xf
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
C. Rotello
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Starns;A. Cohen;C. Rotello
我们提出了一种方法，通过应用信息论的基本原理来衡量目击者识别程序的有效性。由此产生的测量评估了一次识别尝试的预期信息增益（EIG），这是一个单一的值，它总结了一个识别程序在减少所有可能的证人回答中对有罪或无罪的不确定性的总体潜力。在一系列的演示中，我们表明EIG经常不同意现有的关于不同识别程序的相对有效性的措施（例如，诊断率或接收器操作特征下的面积）。每个演示都旨在突出现有措施与EIG之间的关键区别。一个重要的主题是，EIG提供了证据价值的完整度量，因为它考虑了识别性能的所有方面。总的来说，这些证明表明，EIG具有巨大的潜力，可以激发目击者研究的新发现，并为在实际调查中使用身份识别提供政策建议的新视角。（PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA，版权所有）。
We present a method for measuring the efficacy of eyewitness identification procedures by applying fundamental principles of information theory. The resulting measure evaluates the expected information gain (EIG) for an identification attempt, a single value that summarizes an identification procedure's overall potential for reducing uncertainty about guilt or innocence across all possible witness responses. In a series of demonstrations, we show that EIG often disagrees with existing measures (e.g., diagnosticity ratios or area under the receiver operating characteristic) about the relative effectiveness of different identification procedures. Each demonstration is designed to highlight key distinctions between existing measures and EIG. An overarching theme is that EIG provides a complete measure of evidentiary value, in the sense that it factors in all aspects of identification performance. Collectively, these demonstrations show that EIG has substantial potential to inspire new discoveries in eyewitness research and provide a new perspective on policy recommendations for the use of identifications in real investigations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).