Alcohol outlets and clusters of violence
Alcohol outlets and clusters of violence
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DOI：
10.1186/1476-072x-10-30
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发表时间：
2011-05-04
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Pridemore, William Alex
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grubesic, Tony H.;Pridemore, William Alex
背景：与酒精有关的暴力仍然是美国的一个主要公共卫生问题。特别是，有大量证据表明，酒精出口和攻击之间存在关联。然而，由于具体的地理位置之间的关系，酒精出口和暴力的分布仍然模糊，重要的是要确定可能存在的空间联系，加强公共卫生工作，以遏制暴力和morbidity.Methods：本研究利用警方记录的数据，在辛辛那提，俄亥俄州的简单和严重的攻击。从俄亥俄州酒类控制部门获得了辛辛那提的酒类销售点，包括所有酒吧、供应酒类的餐馆以及场外酒类和便利店，并进行了地理编码以供分析。邻近分析、空间聚类检测方法和地理信息系统相结合，用于确定酒类销售点的聚类及其周围的暴力分布。简要回顾了与酒精出口密度和暴力有关的实证工作，指出大多数文献是跨部门的和生态的，产生了一个有点偶然和汇总的观点，如何出口类型和邻里特征，如社会组织和土地使用与攻击性暴力有关。对辛辛那提的统计分析结果表明，虽然酒类销售点本身没有问题，但攻击性暴力倾向于聚集在酒类销售点周围。这种空间关系因距离而异，也与酒精出口聚集的特征有关。具体而言，空间密集分布的网点似乎更容易集群的攻击性暴力相比，聚集密度较低的outlets.Conclusion：随着更深入地了解酒精出口和分布的攻击之间的空间关系，在城市地区的政策制定者可以做出更明智的监管决策，酒精许可证。此外，这项研究表明，公共卫生官员和流行病学家需要更好地了解酒精出口及其周围实际发生的事情，确定哪些因素（无论是出口，社区还是空间相关）有助于助长他们与暴力和其他酒精相关伤害的关系。
Background: Alcohol related violence continues to be a major public health problem in the United States. In particular, there is substantial evidence of an association between alcohol outlets and assault. However, because the specific geographic relationships between alcohol outlets and the distribution of violence remains obscured, it is important to identify the spatial linkages that may exist, enhancing public health efforts to curb both violence and morbidity.Methods: The present study utilizes police-recorded data on simple and aggravated assaults in Cincinnati, Ohio. Addresses of alcohol outlets for Cincinnati, including all bars, alcohol-serving restaurants, and off-premise liquor and convenience stores were obtained from the Ohio Division of Liquor Control and geocoded for analysis. A combination of proximity analysis, spatial cluster detection approaches and a geographic information system were used to identify clusters of alcohol outlets and the distribution of violence around them.Results: A brief review of the empirical work relating to alcohol outlet density and violence is provided, noting that the majority of this literature is cross-sectional and ecological in nature, yielding a somewhat haphazard and aggregate view of how outlet type(s) and neighborhood characteristics like social organization and land use are related to assaultive violence. The results of the statistical analysis for Cincinnati suggest that while alcohol outlets are not problematic per se, assaultive violence has a propensity to cluster around agglomerations of alcohol outlets. This spatial relationship varies by distance and is also related to the characteristics of the alcohol outlet agglomeration. Specifically, spatially dense distributions of outlets appear to be more prone to clusters of assaultive violence when compared to agglomerations with a lower density of outlets.Conclusion: With a more thorough understanding of the spatial relationships between alcohol outlets and the distribution of assaults, policymakers in urban areas can make more informed regulatory decisions regarding alcohol licenses. Further, this research suggests that public health officials and epidemiologists need to develop a better understanding of what actually occurs in and around alcohol outlets, determining what factors (whether outlet, neighborhood, or spatially related) help fuel their relationship with violence and other alcohol-related harm.